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         article-type="Research Paper"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>American Journal of PharmTech Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">AJPTR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2249-3387</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>undefined</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AJPTR5160016</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Design and Characterization of A Loratadine-Loaded Ethosomal Gel For Transdermal Drug Delivery</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>P N*1</surname>
            <given-names>POOJA</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>V. FELIX JOE</surname>
            <given-names>DR.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Shree Devi college of Pharmacy, Mangalore</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Mangalore</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-11-02">
        <month>11</month>
        <day>02</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>255</fpage>
      <lpage>275</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>This study examined loratadine-loaded ethosomal dispersions and the incorporation of the selected batch into a Carbopol-based gel for potential topical/transdermal use. Eight     distinct formulations (F1–F8) were prepared and subsequently evaluated for vesicle size, drug entrapment and in-vitro release. Particle size ranged from 118.6 ± 2.41 nm for F1 to 236.8 ± 4.12 nm for F8; entrapment efficiency ranged from 72.64% to 87.35%. F8 showed the highest entrapment efficiency (87.35%) and drug release was 90.18% over seven hours. The selected F8 dispersion was mixed with Carbopol gel and tested for viscosity, spreadability, pH and drug content. Drug content was found to be 98.46%, while cumulative release reached 87.35% at seven hours. Of the kinetic models assessed, the Higuchi model had the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9997). No visible irritation was recorded during the 14-day observation period. Stability study was carried out for four-weeks under specific storage conditions. Overall, the experimental findings identify F8 as the strongest candidate among the batches tested, based on entrapment, release and measured gel properties. These in-vitro findings justify further investigation but do not establish clinical effectiveness or confirm transdermal delivery in humans. Further studies, including appropriate skin-permeation testing and well-documented stability assessment, are needed.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Loratadine</kwd>
        <kwd>Ethosomes</kwd>
        <kwd>In-vitro drug release and skin irritation studies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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