Tramadol Hydrochloride is an opioid pain medication which is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. Various analytical methods used for the estimation of Tramadol hydrochloride has been reviewed in this paper. These include Ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Visible spectrometry, Spectrofluorimetry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography- mass spectrometry, Cyclic Voltammetry, Liquid Chromatography-Electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry, Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography- mass spectrometry, and Capillary Electrophoresis to determine the amount of Tramadol Hydrochloride in bulk drug, pharmaceutical dosage form and biological fluids. Stability indicating methods for Tramadol Hydrochloride are also described. These analytical methods can be used for qualitative and quantitative estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride in bulk, formulation and biological fluids.