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📢 Latest Update: Call for Papers: Special Issue on PharmTech Research – Submit to American Pharmacy Journal (AJPTR) by March 31, 2026

📢 Latest Update: Call for Papers: Special Issue on PharmTech Research – Submit to American Pharmacy Journal (AJPTR) by March 31, 2026

Volume 16, Issue 2 - 2026 (April 2026 Issue 2)

Volume 16 Issue 2 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 16 Issue 2
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: April 2026 Issue 2

Welcome to the 2026 issue of American Journal of PharmTech Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of PharmTech Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 5 of 5 articles
Research PaperID: AJPTR2160001Pages 1-6

Mechanistic and Translational Evaluation of a Flavonoid Lead from

D.Tirumala, M. Anuradha

ABSTRACT Urolithiasis is a recurrent renal disorder characterized by calcium oxalate crystal deposition, oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal epithelial injury. Despite available therapies, recurrence rates remain high. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, traditionally used in urinary disorders, contains bioactive flavonoids with reported antioxidant and diuretic properties. However, the specific flavonoid(s) responsible for anti-urolithiatic activity and their mechanistic pathways remain unidentified. This study aims to isolate and characterize a flavonoid lead compound from B. pinnatum and evaluate its anti-urolithiatic activity through in vitro crystal assays, renal epithelial cell protection studies, and an ethylene glycol-induced rat model. Mechanistic pathways involving oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, apoptosis, and renal transporter modulation will be explored. Translational biomarkers (KIM-1, NGAL, osteopontin) will be assessed to bridge preclinical findings with clinical relevance. The study is expected to validate a mechanistically defined phytopharmaceutical lead candidate for kidney stone prevention. Keywords: Urolithiasis, Bryophyllum pinnatum

UrolithiasisBryophyllum pinnatumcalcium oxalate crystal
353,400 views
106,080 downloads

Contributors:

 D.Tirumala
,
 M. Anuradha
Research PaperID: AJPTR2160002Pages 7-38

Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Insights into Herbal versus Synthetic Treatments

Neha Chauhan2*, Ashutosh Upadhayay4, Farmaan armaan, Rajkiran ajkiran

Peptic ulcer disease remains a pressing health issue worldwide, most often linked to Helicobacter pylori infection and long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While conventional therapies such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), cytoprotective agents, and antibiotics have transformed patient care by reducing acid secretion and eradicating infection, they are not without drawbacks. Rising antibiotic resistance, drug-related side effects, and recurrence of ulcers continue to challenge clinicians and patients alike. In recent years, herbal medicine has gained attention as a complementary or alternative approach. Plant-derived compounds rich in flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antisecretory effects, while also strengthening the stomach’s natural defenses. Traditional remedies such as Anogeissus latifolia, Alchornea castaneaefolia, Decalepis salicifolia, Solanum nigrum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Asparagus racemosus, and Curcuma longa have shown promising results in experimental models, not only reducing ulcer formation but also accelerating healing. This review brings together evidence on both synthetic and herbal strategies, comparing their mechanisms, effectiveness, safety, and cost considerations. While PPIs and antibiotic regimens remain indispensable for H. pylori eradication and NSAID-induced ulcer prevention, herbal therapeutics stand out for their lower side-effect profile and potential to provide long-term mucosal protection. Looking ahead, integrated treatment approaches that combine modern pharmacology with traditional phytomedicine may offer the most balanced and sustainable path for managing peptic ulcer disease.

Peptic ulcer diseaseHelicobacter pyloriNSAIDsProton pump inhibitors (PPIs)Herbal medicineFlavonoids.
352,937 views
105,762 downloads

Contributors:

 Neha Chauhan2*
,
 Ashutosh Upadhayay4
,
 Farmaan armaan
,
 Rajkiran ajkiran
Research PaperID: AJPTR2160003Pages 39-47

REVOLUTIONIZING PERIODONTAL PRACTICE THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ANUSHA GANGESAN, ALFIA JEFLIN JEEVA PRABAHAR, ABIRAMI NALLASAMY, AHAMEDHA KAMARUL FENANA SHAHIR, DR. DEEPSHIKA SARAVANAN, DR. MARIA SUBASH AARON M

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the periodontal supporting tissues, resulting from complex interactions between microbial biofilm and host immune responses. Conventional diagnostic approaches, including periodontal probing and radiographic evaluation, are limited by examiner variability and challenges in interpreting multiple interacting risk factors. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising adjunct in periodontology, enhancing diagnostic precision, risk assessment, and personalized treatment planning. AI applications in clinical periodontology include Natural Language Processing (NLP) for structured data extraction and improved clinical documentation, as well as machine learning and deep learning models for radiographic and clinical analysis. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated high accuracy in detecting periodontal bone loss, classifying disease severity, identifying implant systems, and predicting disease progression. Integration of radiographic, clinical, and multi-omics datasets further supports comprehensive risk profiling and precision-based care. Additionally, AI-assisted biomarker analysis using saliva and gingival crevicular fluid shows potential for non-invasive early detection. Emerging technologies such as smartphone-based monitoring systems, AI-enabled oral hygiene devices, and augmented/virtual reality–based educational tools enhance patient engagement and professional training. Despite challenges including data privacy concerns, ethical considerations, high implementation costs, and limited large-scale clinical validation, AI represents a valuable assistive technology that strengthens clinical decision-making and advances personalized periodontal care. This article aims to comprehensively discuss the current applications of artificial intelligence in periodontology, highlighting recent advancements, clinical implications, limitations, and future perspectives for integrating AI into routine periodontal practice. Keywords: Periodontitis; Artificial Intelligence; Deep Learning; Convolutional Neural Networks; Artificial Neural Networks; Natural Language Processing; Periodontal Diagnosis; Radiographic Analysis; Biomarkers;

Artificial IntelligenceDeep LearningConvolutional Neural NetworksArtificial Neural NetworksNatural Language ProcessingPeriodontal Diagnosis+2 more
353,385 views
106,058 downloads

Contributors:

 ANUSHA GANGESAN
,
 ALFIA JEFLIN JEEVA PRABAHAR
,
 ABIRAMI NALLASAMY
,
 AHAMEDHA KAMARUL FENANA SHAHIR
,
 DR. DEEPSHIKA SARAVANAN
,
 DR. MARIA SUBASH AARON M
Research PaperID: AJPTR2160004Pages 48-53

Effect of Irsal-i-Alaq (Leech Therapy) in the Management of a Chronic Non-Healing Ulcer: A Case Report

Mohammad Shoaib, Muskan Laiq, Asia Sultana

Chronic non-healing ulcers constitute a major global health burden and are associated with significant morbidity, psychological distress, reduced quality of life, and risk of limb amputation. Epidemiological studies indicate that approximately 1–2% of the population may develop chronic wounds during their lifetime. In India, the prevalence was reported to be 4.8 per 1,000 populations in 2004. Despite advances in conventional wound care, many cases remain refractory to treatment. Irsal-i-Alaq (leech therapy), a classical regimen of Unani medicine, may offer a complementary therapeutic approach in such cases. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Irsal-i-Alaq in the management of a chronic non-healing ulcer. A 45-year-old male patient presented with a six-month history of a non- healing ulcer over the lateral malleolus of the left foot, associated with pain, swelling, discharge, and skin discoloration. Leech therapy was administered weekly for two months, and the ulcer was assessed at 15-day intervals using standardized clinical parameters. Progressive improvement in ulcer size, discharge, pain, and surrounding inflammation was observed, culminating in complete healing by the end of the treatment period. No adverse events were reported. Irsal-i-Alaq demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in this case of chronic non-healing ulcer and may serve as a cost-effective adjunct or alternative therapy. Further controlled clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings. Keywords: Irsal-i-Alaq, Chronic Ulcer, Leech Therapy, Unani Medicine, Non-healing Wound

Irsal-i-AlaqChronic UlcerLeech TherapyUnani MedicineNon-healing Wound
353,582 views
106,181 downloads

Contributors:

 Mohammad Shoaib
,
 Muskan Laiq
,
 Asia Sultana
Research PaperID: AJPTR2160005Pages 54-61

Sub-Antimicrobial Dose Doxycycline as a Host-Modulating Agent in the Management of Periodontitis: A Comprehensive Review

Swetha Ramakrishnan, Thenral Saravanabhavan, Vikram Saravanan, Varshini Chinraj, Deepshika Saravanan, Maria Subash Aaron Muthuraj

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Although microbial plaque biofilm is considered the primary etiological factor initiating periodontal disease, the severity of tissue destruction largely depends on the host immune inflammatory response. Conventional periodontal therapy primarily focuses on mechanical removal of bacterial plaque through procedures such as scaling and root planning. However, this approach alone may not sufficiently control host-mediated inflammatory destruction. Consequently, host modulation therapy has emerged as an important adjunctive strategy in periodontal treatment. Sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) is currently the most extensively studied host-modulating pharmacologic agent used in periodontology. When administered at low doses that do not produce antibacterial activity, doxycycline demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-collagenase properties. The drug primarily inhibits matrix metalloproteinases, a group of enzymes responsible for degradation of connective tissue components in periodontal disease. In addition, SDD reduces inflammatory cytokine production, decreases osteoclast activity, and limits oxidative stress within periodontal tissues. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that SDD used in combination with conventional periodontal therapy results in improvements in clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, and overall periodontal stability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the principles of host modulation therapy, mechanisms of action of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline, clinical evidence supporting its therapeutic use, safety profile, limitations, and future perspectives in host-directed periodontal therapy. Keywords: Periodontitis; Sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline; Host modulation therapy; Matrix metalloproteinases; Periodontal inflammation; Scaling and root planning; Connective tissue degradation; Adjunctive periodontal therapy.

PeriodontitisSub-antimicrobial dose doxycyclineHost modulation therapyMatrix metalloproteinasesPeriodontal inflammationScaling and root planning+2 more
353,561 views
106,244 downloads

Contributors:

 Swetha Ramakrishnan
,
 Thenral Saravanabhavan
,
 Vikram Saravanan
,
 Varshini Chinraj
,
 Deepshika Saravanan
,
 Maria Subash Aaron Muthuraj

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