American Journal of PharmTech Research

Peptic ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by mucosal damage in the stomach or duodenum due to an imbalance between aggressive factors such as gastric acid and protective mucosal defense. Conventional anti-ulcer drugs, although effective, are often associated with high cost and adverse effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and evaluate polyherbal floating tablets as a safer and more effective alternative for gastric ulcer management. The formulation incorporated extracts of Annona squamosa with sodium bicarbonate as a gas-generating agent to enhance buoyancy and prolong gastric retention. Tablets were prepared using the direct compression method by blending plant extracts with suitable polymers and excipients. The prepared formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties and showed satisfactory results. The floating drug delivery system demonstrated potential for prolonged gastric residence time, which may improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.

Diabetes mellitus and inflammation are among the most prevalent chronic disorders worldwide, creating a growing need for safer and more effective therapeutic agents. Medicinal plants have gained significant attention due to their rich phytochemical composition and broad pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydroalcoholic flower extract of Sphagneticola trilobata. Fresh flowers were collected, shade-dried, and extracted using 70% ethanol by the Soxhlet extraction method. The obtained extract showed a percentage yield of 8.24% and was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, carbohydrates, and reducing sugars. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, while the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by the glucose utilization assay using HepG2 cell lines, with metformin serving as the standard drug. The extract exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, achieving 69.90% NO inhibition at 100 µg/mL, and demonstrated significant enhancement of glucose utilization, reaching 166.19% of control at 100µg/mL. These findings indicate promising anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential, which may be attributed to the synergistic action of the phytoconstituents present in the extract.

Mosquito-borne diseases continue to pose a significant public health challenge worldwide, increasing the demand for safe, effective, and environmentally friendly mosquito repellents. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a herbal mosquito repellent cream containing extracts of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), neem (Azadirachta indica), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum), which are well known for their insect-repellent and antimicrobial properties. The herbal extracts were incorporated into a cream base using the emulsification method to obtain a stable topical formulation. The prepared cream was evaluated for its organoleptic characteristics, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, viscosity, washability, irritancy, stability, and mosquito repellent activity. The formulation exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties, good stability, and was non-irritant to the skin. The mosquito repellent evaluation demonstrated satisfactory protection against mosquito bites for a considerable duration, indicating the synergistic effect of the selected herbal ingredients. The findings suggest that the developed herbal mosquito repellent cream is a promising natural alternative to synthetic chemical repellents, offering effective protection with improved safety and better skin compatibility. Further studies involving large-scale stability testing and clinical evaluation are recommended to establish its long-term efficacy and commercial potential. Keywords: Herbal mosquito repellent cream, Lemongrass, Neem, Tulsi, Clove, Herbal formulation, Topical cream, Natural insect repellent.