Yogendra Singh

Oxidative stress is a central pathomechanism in chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the nephroprotective potential of Fernandoa adenophylla (Bignoniaceae), a medicinally important tree of South and Southeast Asia, remains mechanistically uncharacterised. This study employed an integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking strategy to systematically elucidate the multi-target mechanism of F. adenophylla against oxidative stress-mediated renal injury. Thirteen phytochemical constituents were retrieved from curated databases and subjected to ADME screening via SwissADME; eight compounds including lapachol, α-lapachone, adenophyllone, peshwaraquinone, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid met Lipinski’s Rule-of-Five criteria and were retained. Protein targets for these compounds were predicted via SwissTargetPrediction and intersected with 287 oxidative stress nephroprotection disease targets retrieved from GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and TTD, yielding 53 shared candidate targets. A tripartite Compound–Target–Disease network constructed in Cytoscape identified AKT1, TP53, NFE2L2 (NRF2), KEAP1, CASP3, and MAPK1 as principal hub targets. STRING-based protein–protein interaction analysis and CytoHubba MCC ranking corroborated these hubs, while GO and KEGG enrichment mapped the target set to the PI3K/AKT, apoptosis, NF-κB, and HIF-1α signalling pathways. Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina revealed that adenophyllone exhibited the highest binding affinity for KEAP1 (−8.9 kcal/mol) and lapachol for AKT1 (−8.2 kcal/mol). These interactions were further validated by 100 ns GROMACS molecular dynamics simulations demonstrating stable RMSD profiles, sustained hydrogen-bond occupancy, and favourable MM-PBSA binding free energies. Collectively, these results indicate that F. adenophylla likely exerts nephroprotection through coordinated modulation of the KEAP1/NRF2 antioxidant axis, the AKT1/TP53/CASP3 survival–apoptosis axis, and the MAPK1/TNF inflammatory–oxidative crosstalk axis, providing a rational computational foundation for in-vitro and in-vivo experimental validation.

The main objective of the study is to measure the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription for urinary tract infections in several general hospitals and to evaluate the quality of antibiotic prescription among these services. For this study a cross-sectional study was carried out in the various hospitals from different hospitals of north India. The patients were analyzed between the age group of 15-45 years. The main variables of the study were: type of urinary infection, hospital admission, antibiotic prescription, either the presence of one or more disorders and urine culture request. A panel of experts, established first-choice, second-choice and inappropriate antibiotic treatments for each type of urinary tract infection, based on the available scientific evidence. A total of 8500 patients were analyzed from acute urinary tract infected. Out of which 81-83% were lower urinary tract infected patients. The most commonly used antibiotics in hospitals were ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin clavulinate. The percentages of first-choice, alternative-choice and inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions were: 43%, 44% and 14% respectively. This paper describes the first choice of drugs prescribed by the doctors. We observed a significant variability in appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions among the participating centers (p < 0.001).

The present study aimed at development and evaluation oral fast dissolving film of Salbutamol Sulphate utilizing HPMC as a film forming polymer and PEG 1000 as a plasticizer. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the oral fast dissolving film formulation. In the design, concentration of HPMC and concentration of PEG 1000 was selected as independent variable. Tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulas was selected as dependent variable. The results of the study demonstrated a successful development of a film with optimum mechanical property and disintegration time. The adopted design was very much successful as an optimization tool in this present study. The optimized formulation was evaluated by SEM & FTIR and the results were found appropriate. The accelerated stability study indicated the stability of the optimized formulation up to 6 month. In the conclusion, it is advocated that the development of optimized oral fast dissolving film formulation was successful. Key words: Plasticizer, Oral Fast Dissolving Film, Factorial Design, Elongation at break