Published
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ROXITHROMYCIN NANOSPONGE GEL FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
,
Published in October 2026 Issue 5 (Vol. 16, Issue 5, 2026)
Abstract
This investigation examined a Roxithromycin-loaded nanosponge gel intended for topical delivery, to enhance the drug’s solubility in an aqueous medium and maintaining its presence in the intended area of treatment. Roxithromycin is categorized within BCS category II compound, combining low water solubility with high permeability. Seven distinct formulations were produced using ethyl cellulose by the emulsion–solvent diffusion technique and assessed using physicochemical tests. Preliminary analysis identified a wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of 210 nm; the calibration response was linear from 1–5 µg/mL (R² = 0.9989). FTIR findings supported suitability of the polymer for use with the drug. Formulation F5 had a Particle size average 382.1 nm, a polydisperse index of 0.483, and with a corresponding zeta potential value of −41.9 mV; its nanosponge dispersion released 86.0% by 7 h. The nanosponges were subsequently dispersed in Carbopol 934 gel. The optimized F5 gel contained 89.10% drug and showed diffusion rising from 21.46% at 1 h to 83.2% at 7 h. Its release profile fitted the first-order model most closely (R² = 0.9977). Against Staphylococcus aureus, the gel produced a 3.4 cm inhibition zone. No visible irritation was reported during the 14-day observation period, and the measured stability parameters showed no notable change under the storage conditions tested. Taken together, the findings support further investigation of this nanosponge gel as a topical formulation with sustained Roxithromycin release and antibacterial activity.
References
- [1]1. Krishnamoorthy K, Rajappan M. Nanosponges: a novel class of drug delivery system--review. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci: a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques. 2012;15(1):103-11.
- [2]2. Goel V, Nautiyal U, Raina D. Development and evaluation of nanosponge loaded hydrogel of Ceftriaxone for the treatment of anti-bacterial infections. Biomed Eng Commun. 2025;4(3):19.
- [3]3. Alongi J, Poskovic M, Frache A, Trotta F. Role of β-cyclodextrin nanosponges in polypropylene photooxidation. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2011;86(1):127-35
- [4]4. Patel B, Bagade O, Ramteke K, Patel R, Awsarkar V. An assessment on preparations, characterization, and poles apart appliances of nanosponge. Int. J. Pharm.Tech. Res. 2014;6(7):2092-101
- [5]5. Trotta F, Zanetti M, Cavalli R. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012;8(1):2091-9
- [6]6. Ki V, Rotstein C. Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in adults: a review of their epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and site of care. Can. J. Infect. Dis. and Med. Microbiol. 2008;19(2):173-84.
- [7]7. Bryskier A. Roxithromycin: review of its antimicrobial activity. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1998 Mar 1;41(suppl_2):1-21.
- [8]8. Young RA, Gonzalez JP, Sorkin EM. Roxithromycin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. Drugs. 1989 Jan;37:8-41
- [9]9. Hingmire LP, Deshmukh VN, Sakarkar DM. Development and evaluation of sustained release matrix Tablets using natural polymer as release modifier. 2008;1(3):193-6.
- [10]10. Arun DK, Kishanta PK, Ranjita D. Murthy PN, Amithesh PK. Method development, validation and stability study of Repaglinide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by spectro photometric method. IJBPR 2011: 2(1):7-10
- [11]11. Sahu M, Bhowmick M, Rathi J. Preformulation screening of repaglinide for transdermal anti-diabetic therapy. J. Drug. Del. Ther. 2017;7(4):103-9
- [12]12. Jain NA, Lohiya RT,Umekar MJ. Spectro photometric determination of naproxen and esomeprazole in a laboratory mixture by Simultaneous equation, absorption correction, absorption ratio and area curve methods.Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2011;2(5):130-4.
- [13]13. Solunke RS, Borge UR, Murthy K, Deshmukh MT, Shete RV. Formulation and evaluation of gliclazide nanosponges. Int J Appl Pharm. 2019:181-9.
- [14]14. Kasliwal RH,Thakre AR, Gholse YN. Nanosponges: a novel approach of drug delivery system. J. Med. Pharm. Allied. Sci. 2016;78(92):78.
- [15]15. Sujitha YS, Muzib YI. Formulation and optimization of quercetin loaded nanosponges topical gel: Ex vivo, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. Int. J. Appl. Pharm. 2019;11(5):156-65.
- [16]16. Mamtha DP, Viresh KC, Shabaraya AR. Nanosponges: an overview about the novel class of drug delivery system. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021;10(6):1014-1027
- [17]17. Sowmya shree, ShripathyD, Shabaraya AR. Nanosponges- a novel nanocarrier approach for targeted drug delivery a brief review. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2021; 10(5): 417-35.
- [18]18. Viresh KC, Gopika S, Shabaraya AR. Comparative characterization of gel loaded oxiconazole nitrate nanosponges for topical delivery. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2023;10(1):364-372
- [19]19. Solunke RS, BORGE UR, Murthy K, Deshmukh MT, SHETE RV. Formulation and evaluation of gliclazide nanosponges. Int. J. Appl. Pharm.. 2019;181-9.
- [20]20. Khullar R, Kumar D, Seth N, Saini S. Formulation and evaluation of mefenamic acid emulgel for topical delivery. Saudi pharm. J. 2012;20(1):63-7.
- [21]21. Manyam N, Budideti KK, Mogili S. Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of nanosponge loaded extended release tablets of trimethoprim. UPI J. Pharm. Med. Health Sci. 2018:78-86.
- [22]22. Iriventi P, Gupta NV, Osmani RA, Balamuralidhara V. Design & development of nanosponge loaded topical gel of curcumin and caffeine mixture for augmented treatment of psoriasis. DARU J. Pharm. Sci.. 2020;28(2):489-506
- [23]23. Dash S, Murthy PN, Nath L, Chowdhury P. Kinetic modeling on drug release from controlled drug delivery systems. Acta. Pol. Pharm. 2010;67(3):217-23.
- [24]24. Yadav V,Jadhav P, Dombe S, Bodhe A, Salunkhe P. Formulation and evaluation of microsponge gel for topical delivery of antifungal drug. Int. J. Appl. Pharm. 2017;9:30-7.
Authors (2)
krithika CV
Shree Devi college of pharmacyShree Devi college of pharmacyShree Devi college of pharmacyShree Devi college of pharmacy
View all publications →Kishori
Shree Devi college of pharmacyShree Devi college of pharmacyShree Devi college of pharmacyShree Devi college of pharmacy
View all publications →Download Article
Summarise this paper with AI:
Article Information
Published in:
October 2026 Issue 5 (Vol. 16, Issue 5, 2026)Article Impact
Views:1,103
Downloads:1,950
How to Cite
CV, K., & Kishori (2026). FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ROXITHROMYCIN NANOSPONGE GEL FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY. American Journal of PharmTech Research, 16(5), 210-231. https://ajptr.com/articles/AJPTR5160014
Article Actions
More from this Issue
Thienopyridine and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Heterocyclic Chemistry, SAR, COX-2 Inhibition, Molecular Docking and In Silico Drug Design
Muhsina Shan, Sreeja S, L...Read more →
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON HEALTH CARE PRODUCT AWARENES
Chaya M, Mohan Gowda KG, ...Read more →
