nanosponges

This investigation examined a Roxithromycin-loaded nanosponge gel intended for topical delivery, to enhance the drug’s solubility in an aqueous medium and maintaining its presence in the intended area of treatment. Roxithromycin is categorized within BCS category II compound, combining low water solubility with high permeability. Seven distinct formulations were produced using ethyl cellulose by the emulsion–solvent diffusion technique and assessed using physicochemical tests. Preliminary analysis identified a wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of 210 nm; the calibration response was linear from 1–5 µg/mL (R² = 0.9989). FTIR findings supported suitability of the polymer for use with the drug. Formulation F5 had a Particle size average 382.1 nm, a polydisperse index of 0.483, and with a corresponding zeta potential value of −41.9 mV; its nanosponge dispersion released 86.0% by 7 h. The nanosponges were subsequently dispersed in Carbopol 934 gel. The optimized F5 gel contained 89.10% drug and showed diffusion rising from 21.46% at 1 h to 83.2% at 7 h. Its release profile fitted the first-order model most closely (R² = 0.9977). Against Staphylococcus aureus, the gel produced a 3.4 cm inhibition zone. No visible irritation was reported during the 14-day observation period, and the measured stability parameters showed no notable change under the storage conditions tested. Taken together, the findings support further investigation of this nanosponge gel as a topical formulation with sustained Roxithromycin release and antibacterial activity.

Cyclodextrin nanosponges are solid, porous, bio-compatible, nano-particulate three dimensional structures which form inclusion complexes with different types of lipophilic or hydrophilic drug molecules and have been used as drug carrier for different drugs. In this present work, new cyclodextrin-based nanosponges of atorvastatin were prepared by condensation polymerization and interfacial polymerization to release Atorvastatin in expected manner in the treatment of dyslipidaemia as novel carriers. Results of encapsulation efficiencies of all formulation trials revealed that condensation polymerization is the best method for nanosponges formation and that is considered as best selected method for preparation. For the selected condensation polymerization, encapsulation efficiencies of atorvastatin in nanosponge formulations were found to be 72 to 86%. SEM images revealed their porous nature and cavity was of β-cyclodextrin. The mean particle size of nanosponges was about 328 nm and Zeta potentials of the nanosponges were sufficient enough (-10 to -15mv) due to presence of carboxylic group and inclusion complex formation which assured stability of formulations. The results of FTIR and DSC confirmed that atorvastatin was compatible with β-cyclodextrin and completely encapsulated in nanosponges structure respectively. The selected formulation produces good dissolution profile (release more than 75% atorvastatin within 60 mins in 0.1 N HCL) which indicated that the solubility of atorvastatin was improved by forming nanosponges. In accelerated stability studies, no significant changes occurred in physical appearance and drug content of atorvastatin nanopsonges formulation during 3 months stability studies. Atorvastatin nanosponges confirmed by insolubility in water and organic solvents like dimethyl formamide, dichloromethane.

Nanosponges are the advancement in nano technology, which are the conspicuous answers for the various formulation challenges like low aqueous solubility, controlled release and targeted release. Nanosponges do not show the bursting release which is the main obstacle in the most of the nano particles formulations. Nanosponges are a novel class of nanoparticles with nanostructured hyper branched polymers and few nanometres wide cavities, in which a large variety of substances can be encapsulated. Nanosponges also have colloidal sizes with a mean diameter of less than 1 μm and narrow size distribution and form opalescent suspensions on dispersion in water. The formulation of nanosponges involves simple chemistry. Nanosponges could be a perfect solution for resolving the scalability issues of various nano approaches in the pharmaceutical industry, paving the way for a nano-revolution.