Gupta

  Despite disadvantages, oral drug delivery remains the preferred route of drug delivery. Oral administration is the most popular route due to ease of ingestion, pain avoidance, versatility (to accommodate various types of drug candidates), and most importantly, patient compliance. FDTs are intended and designed to disintegrate and dissolve in saliva and then easily swallowed without need of water, which is a major benefit over conventional dosage form. Fast dissolving tablets can be prepared by various conventional methods like direct compression, wet granulation, moulding, spray drying, freeze drying, and sublimation. Some of the patented technologies with improved performance, patient compliance, and enhanced quality have emerged in the recent past. In 1986, the first lyophilized fast-dissolving technology Zydis was introduced by Cardinal formerly R. P. Scherer and after that there was a continuous growth in names, technologies & patented technology by different companies such as Wowtab technology, oraquick technology etc. Various excipients are employed in the formulation for example superdisintegrants such as crospovidone (CP), sodium starch glycolate (SSG), croscarmellose sodium and PVP as binder and many more. The review also covers the evaluation parameters including pre-compression and post compression parameters and packaging of FDTs. There are multiple fast-dissolving OTC and Rx products on the market worldwide, most of which have been launched in the past 3 to 4 years. There have also been significant increases in the number of new chemical entities under development using a fast-dissolving drug delivery technology. Thus, in near future, it is expected that this delivery system will get much importance as that of conventional delivery systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of various technologies. Key Words: Oral delivery, fast dissolving tablet, drug delivery, Novel dosage forms.

  This review brings out some medicinal plants that have therapeutic potential due to the presence of natural antioxidants. Majority of their antioxidant activity is due to bioactive compounds viz. Flavonoids and Polyphenolic compounds. The Present research reveals that Flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds activity have important effects on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Numerous mechanisms of action have been recognized, along with inactivation cancer, antiproliferation, and cell cycle arrest, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. This work has particularly enhanced the function of antioxidants activity of Flavonoids for cancer research. Key word: Flavonoids, Antioxidant, Free radical and Cancer research 

  Eye, which is the most vital organ of the body suffer from various eye problems like glaucoma, endopthalmitis, dry eye syndrome, trachoma, keratitis, conjunctivitis etc. Most ocular diseases are treated by topical drug application in the form of solutions, suspensions and ointment. These conventional dosage forms suffer from the problems of poor ocular bioavailability because of dilution and rapid drainage. Prolonged drug delivery can be achieved  by various new dosage forms like in-situ gel, collagen shield, minidisc, ocular film, ocusert, nanosuspension, nanoparticulate system, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, ocular iontophoresis etc. The most successful of these is the in-situ forming ophthalmic drug delivery systems prepared from polymers that exhibit reversible liquid-gel phase transition .The aim of this article is to present a concise review of in-situ gelling system to overcome all above problems. This review also summarizes various temperature, pH, and ion induced in-situ forming polymeric systems used to achieve prolonged contact time of drugs with the cornea and increase their bioavailability.

Natural dyes are now-a-days very common for every cloth industry because the harmfulness of synthetic dyes on the skin of human beings. In cotton, silk and also in wool these colours are stable and very much eco-friendly to human skin. So now, several attempts are taken by the scientists through out the world to isolate natural dyes from different vegetables and flowers. Here in this study an attempt has been taken to isolate natural dyes from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. In the result, three different colours like blue, purple and green were prepared from the above said flowers and they are well stable on cotton cloths after washing by hot water and soap too. The intensity of the three colours are also high, they are bright and really eco-friendly to the human skin.

Dental caries is the major public health problem that disturbs all countries in the world. Streptococcus mutans is considered as a chief culprit of this infectious disease and biofilm formation potential is the major virulence trait of this pathogen. In the era of antimicrobial resistance it is important to understand the virulence mechanism and antimicrobial sensitivity of S. mutans globally. The objective of the study was to investigate the biofilm formation potential and antimicrobial sensitivity of clinical isolates of S. mutans. Biofilm formation potential of 100 clinical isolates was studied by microtiter plate assay and coverslip assay and antimicrobial sensitivity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Our results showed that out of 100 clinical isolates 92 (92%) showed strong biofilm forming capability and 8 (8%) clinical isolates showed moderate biofilm formation potential. Antimicrobial sensitivity results showed that 72 (72%) isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 65 (65%) isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, 40 (40%) isolates were resistant to doxicycline, 46 (46%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 32 (32%) isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, 61 (61%) isolates were  resistant to tetracycline and only 17 (17%) isolates of S. mutans were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate. Our results suggest that combination therapy is more effective against cariogenic S. mutans and biofilm formation potential of this organism indicates the powerful contribution in pathogenesis. Ultimately, new combination therapies and inhibitors of biofilm formation are urgently needed. Key words: antimicrobial, biofilm, dental caries, S. mutans, therapy, virulence

Development of fancy oral drug delivery systems has always attracted scientists because of improved patient compliance. Among them, mouth dissolving drug delivery systems (MDDDS) have acquired an important position in the market by overcoming previously encountered administration problems. A fast-dissolving drug delivery system, in most cases, is a tablet which is designed to allow administration in the mouth in the absence of water and readily dissolves or disintegrates in the saliva generally within

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the commonest birth defects. They form a spectrum of disease ranging from anencephaly to spina bifida occulta. Anencephaly is a cephalic disorder that occurs when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. However few studies have systematically looked into the etiopathogenesis of anencephaly which mainly includes nutritional deficiencies and genetic predisposition. Efforts are a foot for universal food fortification with folic acid in the hope of preventing NTDs. So we hereby conclude that caution should be exercised before widespread of anencephaly or the NTDs.

Asparagus racemosus and Centella asiatica are two very common and well known medicinal plant available in India. Both the plants are traditionally used as antiamoebic drugs. Not only are those, both the drugs used as the herbal treatment of several diseases of human beings. In between them some are really critical disease. Several important phytoconstituents have been already isolated and characterized from both the plants and in between them some are the major active marker for the treatment of above said critical diseases. Instead of all those characters, these two plants have very potent antioxidant property. Here, we have taken an attempt to prepare a formulation of the mixture (50:50) of the aqueous extracts of both the plants and compare the antioxidant property of that formulation and extracts. In this study calcium chloride cross linked alginate microsphere and chitosan coated microsphere have been prepared by using the above said plant extracts and the anti-oxidant property of those formulations were compared with the extracts and also standard drugs. The result therefore reflects that the antioxidant potency of the combined extract entrapped in formulations was almost equivalent to the original extract combinations. This entails despite of the different process control stresses in the manufacturing steps the potency of the polymer entrapped drug substances does not changed. So researchers may look forward in further purification of the extract and then an effective drug loading to get an equivalent potent action from the same quantity of a standard antioxidant.

  In the present work the approach of forced degradation study was successfully applied for the development of stability-indicating assay method for determination of Thiocolchicoside in the presence of its degradation products.  The RP-HPLC separation was carried out on Shimadzu® -HPLC 1100 series using a Phenomenex ODS 5µ C18 column (250×4.6mm) with mobile phase comprising of Acetonitrile: Phosphate Buffer (70:30) pH 3.5 v/v at flow rate of 1.0mL/min and UV detection at 260.0 nm. In stress testing a drug substance or the drug product is exposed to an environment vigorous than the normal i.e. at high temperature, high humidity over the period of time called accelerated stability conditions. The drug was subjected to Solid state analysis which includes Humidity studies (40°C/75% RH), photochemical studies (UV light and sunlight exposure) and Thermal studies to apply stress conditions. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, linearity and range, ruggedness and robustness. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 80-120% of label claim; the correlation coefficient for Thiocolchicoside was found to be 0.999. The proposed method was found to be simple, specific, linear and rugged and can be used for routine quality control.

  Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules. The structure of these materials has a great impact on their physical and chemical properties. As a result of their unique behaviour dendrimers are suitable for a wide range of targeted drug delivery, controlled drug delivery, gene delivery and industrial applications. The paper gives a concise review of dendrimers physico-chemical properties, types, synthetic pathway & their possible use in various aspects of research, technology and treatment of disease. Key words: Dendrimer, targeted drug delivery, gene delivery, dendrimer synthesis, dendrimer properties, dendrimer types.