Rajaputana Lakshmi Manisha

Background: Memory and cognitive decline represent hallmark manifestations of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative conditions. Current pharmacological management relies predominantly on synthetic cognitive enhancers and cholinesterase inhibitors, whose long-term administration raises concerns regarding tolerability, systemic toxicity, and patient adherence. Consequently, attention has shifted toward plant-derived therapies — particularly those rich in neuroprotective and antioxidant constituents — as more sustainable and well-tolerated options for maintaining brain health. Annona reticulata, a member of the Annonaceae family, has attracted scientific interest owing to its phytochemical complexity and historically documented medicinal applications. Objective: The present investigation aimed to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing potential of the hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Annona reticulata in a scopolamine-induced murine model of cholinergic cognitive impairment. Methods: A total of thirty-six male Wistar mice were randomly allocated into six experimental groups, each comprising six animals. Group I served as the vehicle-treated normal control, while Group II received the reference nootropic, piracetam (400 mg/kg, per oral), administered daily for six consecutive days. Cholinergic cognitive impairment was established in Group III through intraperitoneal administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg). Groups IV, V, and VI were co-administered scopolamine alongside graded doses of the hydroalcoholic fruit extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg orally, respectively. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated employing the Morris Water Maze paradigm over six days. Following behavioural assessment, hippocampal tissues were harvested and processed for histopathological examination. Data were statistically analysed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, and values were reported as mean ± SEM. Results: Hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Annona reticulata elicited a statistically significant and dose-related amelioration of spatial learning and memory deficits in scopolamine-challenged animals. Extract-treated groups exhibited progressive reductions in escape latency and augmented target quadrant occupancy across training days. At the highest tested dose (400 mg/kg), cognitive performance closely approached that observed in the piracetam reference group, underscoring the extract's potent nootropic efficacy. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that Annona reticulata fruit extract harbours appreciable cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective capabilities. The extract warrants further mechanistic and translational investigation to delineate its precise mode of action and validate its therapeutic applicability in cognitive dysfunction disorders.

This study was taken up to assess the aqueous and ethanol extracts of whole plant of Potentilla anserina Linn for anti-inflammatory activity in rats by Formalin induced paw oedema method. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 6 rats. Groups 1 and 2 served as Formalin induced control and standard (Diclofenac 5 mg/Kg, i.p.) respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were treated, orally with aqueous extract of Potentilla anserina Linn of 100 and 400 mg/kg b.w, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were administered, orally with ethanol extract of Potentilla anserina Linn of 100 and 400 mg/kg b.w, respectively. The paw volume was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hr after Formalin injection. The actual edema volume was calculated. The data was expressed as mean ± S.E.M. The statistical analysis was done by means of ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hock test. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of whole plant of Potentilla anserina Linn produced significant reduction of edema in the rats. Ethanol extract of whole plant of Potentilla anserina Linn revealed significant anti-inflammatory activity.

This study was designed to evaluate, aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Barleria longiflora L.f. for anti-inflammatory activity using Formalin induced paw oedema in rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 6 rats. Groups 1 and 2 served as Formalin induced control and standard (Diclofenac 5 mg/Kg, i.p.) respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were treated, orally with aqueous extract of Barleria longiflora L.f. of 100 and 400 mg/kg b.w, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were administered, orally with ethanol extract of Barleria longiflora L.f. of 100 and 400 mg/kg b.w, respectively. The paw volume was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hr after Formalin injection. The actual edema volume was calculated. The data was expressed as mean ± S.E.M. The statistical analysis was done by means of ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hock test. The aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Barleria longiflora L.f. exhibited significant reduction of edema in the rats. Ethanol leaf extract of Barleria longiflora L.f. revealed surpassing anti-inflammatory activity.