In vitro drug release

The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate Clindamycin hydrochloride-loaded proniosomal gel for topical drug delivery with improved entrapment efficiency, controlled release, antimicrobial activity, and skin tolerability. The formulations were evaluated for preformulation properties, drug–excipient compatibility, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, SEM, physicochemical properties, in-vitro drug release, release kinetics, antimicrobial activity, skin irritation, and stability. UV spectrophotometric analysis showed maximum absorption at 210 nm, with good linearity over 2–10 µg/ml (R² = 0.9992). FTIR studies indicated no significant incompatibility between Clindamycin hydrochloride and the selected excipients (Span 60, cholesterol, and soya lecithin). Among the prepared formulations, F6 was selected as the optimized formulation. It exhibited an entrapment efficiency of 86.7 ± 0.3%, particle size of 249.69 nm, PDI of 0.362, and zeta potential of 35.7 mV. SEM revealed discrete, approximately spherical vesicles. The optimized gel showed a pH of 6.45 ± 0.03, spreadability of 28.9 ± 0.05 g·cm/sec, viscosity of 8890 cps, and drug content of 85.7 ± 0.3%. In-vitro drug release reached 86.34% at 7 hours, following first-order kinetics (R² = 0.9901). The formulation demonstrated antimicrobial activity and caused no visible erythema or edema. Additionally, only minor changes in entrapment efficiency were observed during the four-week stability study. Overall, F6 demonstrated promising physicochemical properties, controlled drug release, antimicrobial activity, and topical tolerability.

The eye presents unique opportunities and challenges for the delivery of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Ocular inserts of Moxifloxacin HCl were prepared with the objective of reducing frequency of administration, controlled release and greater therapeutic effect. Moxifloxacin HCl a broad spectrum fourth generation fluroquinolone used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, keratitis, kerato-conjunctivitis etc. In the present wok reservoir type of ocular inserts formulated by sandwiching poly vinyl alcohol containing Moxifloxacin HCl in between two rate controlling membranes of ethyl cellulose and PVP-K30. The reservoir types of ocular inserts containing Moxifloxacin HCl were formulated by film casting technique using PVA as drug reservoir polymer and EC: PVP-K30 as a rate controlling material. In vitro drug release revealed that the optimized (FM6) formulation showed a controlled release. In vivo studies showed a release of 97.67% over a period of 5 days with high correlation coefficient  of  In vitro-In vivo release studies. In the present study the ocular inserts of Moxifloxacin HCl (FM6) provided desired drug release for 5 days and remained stable.

In the present investigation, pH-dependent and controlled drug release polymeric microspheres of Ornidazole were developed to deliver the active molecule to the colonic region. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method with some modifications, using different proportions of Ornidazole and Polymers (guar gum and gelatin). Gelatin microspheres were coated with Acrycoat L100 to achieve pH sensitive properties and specific biodegradability for colon targeted delivery of Ornidazole. Microspheres were evaluated for size, morphology, sphericity study, % yield, loose surface crystal study, drug content and entrapment efficiency. In vitro drug release study was conducted by buffer change method to mimic GIT environment using buffer solutions of varying pH. The investigations revealed that microspheres prepared with Ornidazole: guar gum ratio (1:2) shows only 10.003±0.885 % drug was released in first 5 hours and 38.849 ± 0.62 % in 12 hours, which proves the potentiality of guar gum for colonic delivery of drugs. While for microspheres prepared with Ornidazole: gelatin (1:2) and coated with Arycoat L100 shows 16.596 ± 3.18 % drug release in first 5 hours and 45.921 ± 3.07 % in 12 hours. Key Words: colon specific drug delivery, biodegradable polymers, pH-dependent release, In vitro drug release