Neha

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with rising global incidence; current therapies (5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics) are limited by incomplete response and adverse effects. Emerging evidence indicates that intestinal inflammation in UC is bi-directionally linked to the central nervous system through the gut brain axis, with neuroinflammation, altered neurotrophin signalling, and behavioural disturbance accompanying colonic disease activity. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Celastraceae) seeds, a traditional Ayurvedic "Medhya Rasayana," possess documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, nervine, and gut motility modulating properties, making them a rational candidate for a dual gut brain therapeutic strategy in UC. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of an ethanolic Celastrus paniculatus seed extract (CPSE) in vitro, and it’s ameliorative and gut brain axis modulatory effects in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced murine model of UC in vivo. Methods: CPSE was screened phytochemically and evaluated in vitro using DPPH radical scavenging, protein denaturation inhibition, and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cytokine assays. Colitis was induced in Wistar rats using 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days; animals were allocated to normal control, DSS control, DSS + sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg), DSS + CPSE (200 mg/kg), and DSS + CPSE (400 mg/kg) groups (n = 6/group) and treated orally for 14 days. Disease Activity Index (DAI), colon length, colonic histopathology, tissue cytokines/oxidative stress markers, and gut brain axis biomarkers (serum serotonin, hippocampal BDNF, serum corticosterone) with anxiety like behaviour (elevated plus maze, forced swim test) were assessed. Results: CPSE exhibited dose dependent free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In vivo, CPSE (400 mg/kg) attenuated body weight loss, reduced DAI and colon shortening, normalized colonic TNF-α/IL-6/IL-10 balance, and improved gut brain axis parameters (elevated hippocampal BDNF, normalized serotonin and corticosterone, improved anxiety like behaviour) relative to DSS controls, approaching the reference drug sulfasalazine. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that CPSE ameliorates experimental colitis while concurrently modulating gut brain axis mediators, warranting further mechanistic and translational investigation of Celastrus paniculatus as an adjunct or complementary therapeutic in UC associated neurobehavioral comorbidity

Oxidative stress is a central pathomechanism in chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the nephroprotective potential of Fernandoa adenophylla (Bignoniaceae), a medicinally important tree of South and Southeast Asia, remains mechanistically uncharacterised. This study employed an integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking strategy to systematically elucidate the multi-target mechanism of F. adenophylla against oxidative stress-mediated renal injury. Thirteen phytochemical constituents were retrieved from curated databases and subjected to ADME screening via SwissADME; eight compounds including lapachol, α-lapachone, adenophyllone, peshwaraquinone, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid met Lipinski’s Rule-of-Five criteria and were retained. Protein targets for these compounds were predicted via SwissTargetPrediction and intersected with 287 oxidative stress nephroprotection disease targets retrieved from GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and TTD, yielding 53 shared candidate targets. A tripartite Compound–Target–Disease network constructed in Cytoscape identified AKT1, TP53, NFE2L2 (NRF2), KEAP1, CASP3, and MAPK1 as principal hub targets. STRING-based protein–protein interaction analysis and CytoHubba MCC ranking corroborated these hubs, while GO and KEGG enrichment mapped the target set to the PI3K/AKT, apoptosis, NF-κB, and HIF-1α signalling pathways. Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina revealed that adenophyllone exhibited the highest binding affinity for KEAP1 (−8.9 kcal/mol) and lapachol for AKT1 (−8.2 kcal/mol). These interactions were further validated by 100 ns GROMACS molecular dynamics simulations demonstrating stable RMSD profiles, sustained hydrogen-bond occupancy, and favourable MM-PBSA binding free energies. Collectively, these results indicate that F. adenophylla likely exerts nephroprotection through coordinated modulation of the KEAP1/NRF2 antioxidant axis, the AKT1/TP53/CASP3 survival–apoptosis axis, and the MAPK1/TNF inflammatory–oxidative crosstalk axis, providing a rational computational foundation for in-vitro and in-vivo experimental validation.

Peptic ulcer disease remains a pressing health issue worldwide, most often linked to Helicobacter pylori infection and long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While conventional therapies such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), cytoprotective agents, and antibiotics have transformed patient care by reducing acid secretion and eradicating infection, they are not without drawbacks. Rising antibiotic resistance, drug-related side effects, and recurrence of ulcers continue to challenge clinicians and patients alike. In recent years, herbal medicine has gained attention as a complementary or alternative approach. Plant-derived compounds rich in flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antisecretory effects, while also strengthening the stomach’s natural defenses. Traditional remedies such as Anogeissus latifolia, Alchornea castaneaefolia, Decalepis salicifolia, Solanum nigrum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Asparagus racemosus, and Curcuma longa have shown promising results in experimental models, not only reducing ulcer formation but also accelerating healing. This review brings together evidence on both synthetic and herbal strategies, comparing their mechanisms, effectiveness, safety, and cost considerations. While PPIs and antibiotic regimens remain indispensable for H. pylori eradication and NSAID-induced ulcer prevention, herbal therapeutics stand out for their lower side-effect profile and potential to provide long-term mucosal protection. Looking ahead, integrated treatment approaches that combine modern pharmacology with traditional phytomedicine may offer the most balanced and sustainable path for managing peptic ulcer disease.

The incidence of lifestyle disease like polycystic ovarian syndrome, Uccharaktachapa (~hypertension), Sthaulya (~obesity), Madhumeha (~Diabetes) as well as Iron deficiency Anemia are increasing day by day. Blood loss is one major cause of the iron deficiency. Women are at a higher risk as they lose blood during menstruation. Even a lack of iron in the diet can lead to this deficiency. Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep the body’s blood and nerve cells healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material in all of the cells. Vitamin B12 also helps prevent megaloblastic anemia, a blood condition that makes people tired and weak. Vegetarians or vegans, menstruating and pregnant women and individuals who donate blood more frequently are at an increased risk of iron deficiency. As per the clinical features, Vit B12 deficiency can be considered among the types of Pandu Vyadhi. The aim of the study is to assess the role of Ayurvedic Nidanaparivarjana and Pathyapathya in Vit B12 deficiency as a first and the most important line of treatment in Ayurveda. In this case study, the strict vegetarian female, aged 27 years came with Vit B12 (also called cobalamin) deficiency with the symptoms i.e., tiredness, loss of appetite, weight loss, constipation, irritation and confusion. She was treated by Ayurveda with Nidanaparivarjana and Pathyapathya for 3 months without any allopathic intervention. After the completion of treatment protocol, her Vit B12 level became normal with marked improvement in the above-mentioned associated symptoms.

Asrigdara in Ayurveda is a condition where there is heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) either cyclic or acyclic and is associated with Angamarda (body aches) and pain which is very common gynecological symptom observed in day to day practice. It negatively affects quality of life and is associated with poor health of women. Srivadivati is a polyherbal Ayurvedic drug, predominantly Tikta (bitter),  Madhura (sweet), Kashaya (astringent)  in Rasa (taste) and therefore are Pittakapha Shamaka (Pittakapha pacifying). It is indicated in Asrigdara.Total33 diagnosed patients of Asrugdara were enrolled as per selection criteria, out of them 30 patients completed the course of the treatment while 3 patients discontinued. Assessment criteria were based on the improvement in the score of cardinal symptoms before and after the treatment. There was a statistically significant reduction observed in cardinal symptoms by Sarivadi Vati at the end of the treatment period. The other common symptoms were also successfully reduced.

Transdermal patches have a high systemic impact and may increase absorption by bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism. A transdermal therapeutic system allows drugs to be continuously administered into the systemic bloodstream at a predetermined rate through unbroken skin over an extended period of time. When piroxicam (PXM) is taken orally, it can cause headaches, exhaustion, dry mouth, nose, and throat, nausea, vomiting, and sleepiness. It is also insoluble in water, so its allure is tainted by its decomposition. These issues are avoided by using a solvent-casting technique on a mercury surface in PXM matrix-type transdermal patches. In HPMC E50LV and Eudragit RS 100 transdermal patches, glycerine (plasticizer) is produced through solvent evaporation and a film-forming polymer. The FTIR method will be used aesthetics, breadth, weight difference, folding durability, moisture content, tensile strength, and percentage of PXM content were all deemed satisfactory on a physical level. According to the study, PXM release from transdermal patches can be improved by combining HPMC E50LV (400 mg) and Eudragit RS 100 (300 mg) with glycerine as a plasticize

Women who are pregnant frequently experience various chronic medical diseases that requires either ongoing (or) intermittent treatment. Any prescription drug taken by a pregnant women could cause unforeseen consequences, which are extremely difficulty for healthcare professionals to avoid any danger to the mother (or) the foetus. A medicine prescription pattern aids in the assessing the prescription practices that target the pregnant population can lesion the baby’s risk and also mom. Consequently, the study is carried out to assess the current prescription pattern and to acquire information about drug use among pregnant mothers. 150 expectant women participated in a prospective and observational research for a nine month time frame. The participant’s treatment records, which were recorded using a case report form, and the subjects’ interviews provided the pertinent data needed for the study. WHO assessed how the prescription pattern performed. Drug classifications and prescribing guidelines were based on the   US FDA pregnancy category. The majority of subjects (42%) had only completed their secondary education, and 82% of them were unemployed. Pregnant women had mean BMI of 24.83.76kg/m2, and 61.3% of the study’s participants had a normal BMI. The majority of the patients (74%) were in their third trimester and was under the age of priming avidity (46%). Hospitalizations were primarily due to fever, gestational diabetes mellitus, and gestational hypertension in the patients. A total of 574 prescriptions were written, averaging 3.82 medications per prescription. 18.8% of patients and 16.2% of all patients, respectively had at least one antibiotic. 6.2% of prescriptions for medications were discovered to be inn generic form, while 92.1% of prescriptions were from the hospital formulary. About 98.6% of the participants were unaware of the dangers of the drug use while pregnant. Most pregnant women received antibiotic prescriptions. The majority of prescribed medications fall within category C. This study unmistakably shown the necessity for ongoing evaluation of drug prescribing practices during pregnancy in order to encourage more sensible drug use reduce the morbidity and mortality linked to therapy.

The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of herbal formulation in rats with isoproterenol-hydrochloride (ISPH) induced myocardial infraction. Adult male Wistar Albino rats were pre-treated with herbal formulation daily for a period of 4 weeks. After the treatment period, ISPH (85 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats at 24 h intervals for 2 days. ISPH induced myocardial damage indicated by cardiac marker enzyme activities including creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, SGOT, angiotensin converting enzyme. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in hearts after ISPH-induced myocardial infraction. However, pre-treatment of ischemic rats with herbal formulation brought the biochemical parameters to near normalcy, indicating the protective effect of herbal formulation against ISPH-induced ischemia in rats.

Cardiovascular disease is considered the major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Also myocardial infraction is the main health problem. In 2015, about 15.9 million myocardial infraction occurred throughout the world. In the United States about one million people have an MI each year. Modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, depression, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, life style and excessive alcohol intake. Family history is also responsible for cardiovascular disease. Reperfusion injury include coronary thrombus formation followed by thrombolytic therapy.  By the physical examination with electrocardiogram findings and cardiac markers MI is diagnosed. Therapeutic intervention such as pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic and combination therapy improves the clinical outcomes in MI patient. This review focus on the risk factors, pathophysiology in relation to produce myocardial injury and on the cardioprotective treatment.

Naringenin is a flavonoid which has been used for its wide pharmacological action from ancient years including as antidiabetic agent. Naringenin is a lipophilic drug (BCS-II) and have low water solubility (1 in 1000), bioavailability (<25%) and have short half-life (t1/2 =1.3 -2.2h). Nanocrystals is an approach to increase the therapeutic performance of poorly water soluble drugs. The purpose of the present study was to prepare nanocrystalss of naringenin to improve bioavailability and increase therapeutic efficacy. Nanocrystalss of naringenin were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method. The stabilizers used to improve aggregation and increase the solubility. Nanocrystals were characterized for particle size, morphology, release profile and thermal analysis.