Apoptosis.

Doxorubicin is a potent chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which can lead to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This review discusses the potential of phyto constituent-based nanoformulations as cardioprotective adjuvants against doxorubicin. Encapsulating cardioprotective agents like herbal extracts, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory co0mpounds encompassing nanoparticles enhances their bioavailability and targeted delivery to cardiomyocytes. Various nanoparticle systems including polymeric (solid lipid), inorganic (mesoporous silica, gold), and nanocomposites have shown promise in mitigating doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac injury in preclinical studies. The therapeutic effects of curcumin, resveratrol, thymoquinone, L-carnitine, and other agents were improved when delivered via nanoparticle. However, optimization of nanoparticle properties, targeted delivery strategies, long-term safety assessments, and clinical translation remain to be addressed. Nonetheless, nanoparticle-mediated delivery of cardioprotective agents holds great potential for reducing doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity and improving chemotherapeutic outcomes for cancer patients.

Traditional medicines have been recently recognized as a precise and knowledge for new source of anticancer drugs and new chemotherapy adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and to ameliorate the side effects of cancer chemotherapies however their healing mechanisms are still largely unknown. The current available methods of treatment like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can induce certain side effects, so there is urge for alternate or adjuvant therapies has arisen. The natural compounds present in plants were known to inhibit or kills carcinogenic cells. In the race for the designing of new anti-cancer drugs development the phytochemical investigation of herbs has contribute new ideas in some extent. Apoptosis is the programmed cell death in which the cells activate an intracellular death program and kill themselves in a controlled way. The phytochemicals that have the anticancer property by inducing apoptosis are safe, abundantly available from dietary sources and the drugs have good immunomodulatory properties.  This attempt has been made to review plant and plant products used in the prevention and treatment of cancer by inducing apoptosis.