Paracetamol

There is a vast interest in the scientific community and drug industry to exploit various mucosal routes of delivering drugs, which are poorly absorbed after oral administration. Human rectum remains to be a relatively unexplored route of drug delivery despite its potential as a non- invasive route of drug administration. The presence of dense network of blood vessels has made the rectum an excellent route of drug delivery for both systemic and local effect. The present investigation was aimed to evaluating the possibility of using different surfactant i.e. Span 60 and 80, Tween 60 and 80 on the release rate of formulation for the development of rectal drug delivery system of paracetamol, an NSAIDs, to minimize the gastric irritation of the drug upon oral administration. Suppositories were formulated by fusion method & evaluated for their physicochemical characterization followed by in vitro evaluation through spectrophotometrically. Suppositories containing PEG 4000 with Tween 80 showed a better permeation of drug with faster dissolution rate in vitro than other formulations. The formulations were designed to overcome the risk of upper gastrointestinal complications such as stomach bleeding, and may cause kidney or liver damage. Suppositories are dosage forms for use in the unavoidable circumstances such as comatose, nauseous or vomiting.

In the current investigation, we have assessed the nephroprotective activity of the 70% ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans leaves (EETSL) against cisplatin, gentamicin and paracetamol (nephrotoxicants) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Nephrotoxicity is confirmed by elevated kidney weight, blood urea, serum creatinine, lipid peroxidation (LPO), decreased tissue glutathione (GSH) and body weight levels at the administered doses. The ethanolic extract produced reduction in kidney weight, blood urea, serum creatinine, LPO levels and reversed the depleted GSH levels and body weight. This is further confirmed by histopathological studies. The results of the present study reveals that the ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans leaves significantly inhibited the cisplatin, gentamicin and paracetamol induced renal damage in rats and this may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. Key words: Tecoma stans, Lipid peroxidation, GSH, Cisplatin, Gentamicin, Paracetamol, Renal injury.

A simple, sensitive, accurate and precise simultaneous UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Caffeine in tablet dosage form. The absorption maxima of the drugs were found to be 223, 248 and 272 nm for Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Caffeine respectively, in methanol, using a Shimadzu UV–Visible spectrophotometer (model UV-1800). Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Caffeine obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 10-70 µg ml-1, 10-60 µg ml-1 and 10-70 µg ml-1 respectively. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999, 0.999, and 0.999 for Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Caffeine respectively. The method was validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The low relative standard deviation values indicate good precision and high recovery values indicate accuracy of the proposed method. Assay results were in good agreement with label claim.