Karnataka

Floating drug delivery system is one of the novel drug delivery system. Floating drug delivery system have a bulk density less than gastric fluids and so remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. The aim of the present study was to develop floating microspheres of Rabeprazole sodium(RPS), which belong to class of proton pump inhibitor. Floating microspheres of Rabeprazole were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using HPMC K15M and ethyl cellulose as polymer. Six different formulations were developed. The floating microsphere was evaluated for angle of repose, particle size, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, incorporation efficiency, drug polymer compatibility (IR study), scanning electron microscopy, drug release and DSC(Differential Scanning colorimetry), X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) of microsphere. Results show that as the concentration of polymer increases it affects the particle size, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy and drug release of microsphere. Formulations prepared with HPMC K15M exhibited excellent Micromeritic properties, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, incorporation efficiency and percentage drug release when compared to ethyl cellulose polymer. Results of our present study suggest that floating microsphere of Rabeprazole sodium can be successfully designed to develop controlled drug delivery which can reduce dosing frequency thus this formulation can be considered as an alternative to conventional dosage forms. Key words: floating drug delivery systems, Rabeprazole sodium (RPS), incorporation efficiency, dosing frequency, DSC(Differential Scanning colorimetry)  X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Several pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral activity have been attributed to tetrahydrocarbazole. The above observations prompted us to synthesize some novel tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives as possible anticancer agents. A series of novel tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of tetrahydrocarbazole with substituted aromatic aldehydes. The starting material, tetrahydrocarbazole were prepared by Fischer indolisation reaction of cyclohexanone with phenylhydrazine in the presence of acetic acid. The cycloaddition of tetrahydrocarcazole and substituted aromatic aldehydes gives tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives (A1-A10). The structures of synthesized derivatives were confirmed by IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectrum. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vitro anticancer activity. The anticancer activity data of the synthesized derivatives were found to be potent activity. Key words: Phenyl hydrazine, Cyclohexanone, Tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives, In-vitro anticancer activity.

Tuberculosis is a contagious infection caused by air borne bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a growing health problem in the developing world. India accounts for one-fifth of the global TB incident cases, each year nearly two million people in India develop TB1. This was a retrospective record based survey carried at AH & RC (Adichunchanagiri Hospital & Research Centre) Tertiary care teaching hospital, B.G Nagara. Twelve month data of all TB patients i.e. from Sep-09 to Aug-10 that were diagnosed in the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Centre was taken, which included 120 diagnosed patients. Out of 120 patients diagnosed, the male to female ratio was 2.5:1, and 29 were from age group of 40 to 49 years. Pulmonary TB cases were more i.e. 85 (75.83%) when compared to extra pulmonary i.e. 35 (29.17%), new smear positive cases were 62 (51.67%) and new smear negative cases were 58 (48.33%). Total 67 (55.83%) patients were categorized in CAT-I, 25 (20.83%) patients in CAT-II and 28 (23.33%) in CAT-III.The Treatment Completion Rate (TCR) and rate of cure was not known since all patients were transferred to their nearest peripheral RNTCP/DOTS Centers, and those centers failed to provide proper feedback. So, for transferred TB cases a better system of follow up should be done in order to know about the TCR and rate of cure. Key Words: RNTCP/DOTS centre, Category, Tuberculosis, TCR (Treatment Completion Rate).  

Disadvantage in presently available synthetic drugs for inflammation is that they cause gastrointestinal irritation and reappearance of symptoms after discontinuation. Need for screening and development of novel, but better anti-inflammatory drugs and indigenous medicinal plants could be a logical source to find these. Herbal therapy is used to treat a large variety of ailment and symptoms, e.g., inflammation, fever and pain; however, there are no adequate experimental evidences about their effectiveness. The purpose of this investigation was study to the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties of stem bark extract of Haldinia cordifolia in rats. Haldinia cordifolia (rubiaceae) has been extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of ulcers, burns, fevers, antiseptic, diarrhoea and dysentery. The ethanolic extract of dried stem bark of Haldinia cordifolia was investigated for anti-inflammatory (carragenan induced rat paw oedema) and anti-pyretic (brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia) activities. Pre treatment with the extract (200 - 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw oedema in dose dependent manner. Its effects on antipyretic activity were also significant and reduce fever at higher doses. In conclusion, this study has established the anti-inflammatory activity and antipyretic activity of Haldinia cordifolia and thus justifies the ethnic uses of the plant. Key words: Inflammation, Pyretic, Haldinia cordifolia, Ethanol, Carrageenan, Paw oedema.

In the present study, a series of S-[5-(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl] benzenecarbothioate and S-[5-(phenyl amino)- 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl] ethanethioate were prepared by refluxing benzoyl chloride and acetyl chloride in presence of potassium carbonate with 5-(phenyl amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol. 5-(Phenyl amino)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thiol were prepared by cyclization of arylthiosemicarbazide with carbondisulphide. The structure of new compounds prepared during present investigation have been authentically established by their IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral studies. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of thiadiazole derivatives also reported. Some of these derivatives exhibit significant antimicrobial activity. Key words: thiadiazole, thiosemicarbazide, antibacterial, antifungal.  

The purpose of this research was to develop a desired topical formulation containing clotrimazole for treatment of fungal infections like eczema, itching, pruritis etc. Topical formulation enriched with SLN of clotrimazole were prepared. The solid lipid nanoparticulate dispersion of clotrimazole was prepared by hot homogenization technique using polymers like Carbopol 934, mannitol and PEG 6000. The nanoparticulate dispersion was evaluated for various parameters such as physical evaluations, particle size, diffusion studies, DSC, SEM, stability studies. The solid lipid nanoparticulate dispersion showed mean particle size less than 1000 nm. Differential scanning Calorimetry studies revealed no drug excipient incompatibility. Diffusion studies release profile of clotrimazole from nanoparticulate dispersion showed prolonged drug release. And all other evaluations were found to be complied the limits. Thus it can be concluded that formulation of SLN containing clotrimazole can be successfully formulated to localize the drug in the skin for to treat topical fungal infections.

The aim of the study is to assess the usage of alteplase in stroke patients which is second leading cause in worldwide. Its beneficial effect in stroke patients is to disperse the thrombus within an occluded cerebral vessel and to limit ischemic damage within surrounding tissue (ischemic penumbra) and is safety and efficacy towards the stroke patient. This is prospective observational study, which assed the current usage of tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA) alteplase in stroke patients. This study was conducted in Stroke patients in Adichunchanagiri Hospital and Research Center. Duration of our study is sixteen months. A total of 140 stroke patients were assigned to receive alteplase. In which 102 (72.85%) Patients were treated before 3 hours (Window period) the study population were elderly with the age between 53-57 were 40.70% (n=48), and followed by 63-67 were 22.03 % (n=26), where as in female elderly patients the age group between 48-52 were 59.10% (n=13) and followed by 53-57 were 18.18 (n=4), elderly patients are more prone to have stroke. Therefore 54.23% (n=64) were recoverd in the post intervention benefit of alteplase in stroke patients,as in female patients were 68.18% (n=15) and age between 78-82 years only one patient died during the treatment. This study shows that efficacy and safety of thrombolytic in stroke patients within 3 hours and recover of the patients from the stroke is high rate. The findings encourages wider use of thrombolytic therapy for suitable patients treated in stroke centres can be a beneficial in future endeavours.

The present study deals with the elaborated overview of comparative study of in-process and finished product quality control tests for parenteral products taking compendia specifications of Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) into consideration. When it comes to most sensitive parts of body i.e.; veins, a high degree of precautions should be taken during and after production of product for it to avoid any hitches. The sterility of these parenteral products, as well as accuracy in the calculation and preparation of doses is of great importance and a must in terms of compliance. The high graded quality product always refers to a product which is within the compendia limits. This article focuses on the comparison of Pharmacopoeial specifications of parenteral preparations, the procedures that are employed to maintain the quality and sterility of these ophthalmic products. This covers specifications and limits of different dosage forms according to different Pharmacopeia (like IP, BP, USP, JP etc.) which helps in comparative study of specifications provided in different Pharmacopeia as well as highlighting the differences in standards and also focussing on the specifications of different nations. Different regulatory requirements of the respective countries demand products with different specific limits so this comparative study will help in meeting all the requirements of all the pharmacopoeias and later the regulatory requirements of that particular country.

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that is used to treat a rare medical condition (viz., Huntington’s disease, myoclonus disease, Tourette syndrome etc.). They receive little attention from pharmaceutical companies as the small patient population could not justify the huge investment required for drug development. In the last 20 years, orphan drug act has been adopted in several countries around the world (USA, Japan, Australia, and the EU) and has successfully promoted R&D investments to develop new pharmaceutical products for the treatment of rare diseases, but it faces future challenges like returns on the huge R & D costs, funding sources and initiatives for development of orphan drugs.

  ODTS are solid unit dosage form which dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in mouth without water. So, acceptability of this dosage form mainly depends on its taste i.e. mouth feel. So it becomes necessary to develop such an ODT for that must be acceptable in taste to patient many techniques are available to mask the taste of drugs. These techniques not only serve as to mask the taste of drug but also to enhance the bioavailability of drug. Taste masking technology involves the development of a system that prevents the active substance interacting with the taste buds, thereby eliminating or reducing the bitter taste. This review describes the commonly used techniques that are adopted for masking the taste of bitter drugs and dosage form palatable. The common methods include addition of sweeteners, coating of drugs adjusting the pH values, granulation, freeze drying, forming complex with ion exchange resins etc. Key words: orodispersible tablets (ODTs), taste masking.