ABSTRACT

Breast tomosynthesis has become a well-established imaging technique for clinical assessment of breast cancer. This Tree-Dimensions (3D) imaging technique is one of a major recently used method for early breast cancer detection particularly for women with a dense breast. It can also aid in the clarifying of a breast cancer diagnosis, whether by initial screening or following up after a suspicious area in the breast has been found. The image of such technique must have an optimal contrast to display mass densities and speculated fibrous structures, in order to diagnose breast cancer accurately at the earliest feasible stage. Furthermore, the spatial resolution must be sufficient to reveal the size and form of micro calcifications. To improve the accuracy of imaging diagnosis system, an effective Quality Control (QC) program can be implemented to optimize the accurate diagnosis of mammographic imaging. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the QC of 3D Tomosynthesis system, including Kilo voltages peak (kVp) accuracy, mAs linearity, Half Value Layer (HVL), Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), radiation output and mean glandular dose (MGD). Image quality assessment also included to check of spatial resolution, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). Accreditation phantoms have been used during the study. This study reveals that international standard guidelines which contain basic requirements for QC are obtained.

Keywords: 3D, Tomosynthesis, X-ray Mammography, QC, MGD, HVL.

ABSTRACT

Bakreshwar hot springs have geological significance, and are known to have curative properties for any diseases. In this study, antimicrobial activities of the hot spring Bakreshwar water were assessed against MDR and ATCC microorganisms. A range of bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Escherichia coli (MDR), Klebsiella sp. (MDR), Acinetobacter sp. (MDR) and Pseudomonas sp. (MDR) were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the water. The results showed that the hot spring water expressed significant antimicrobial activity against all tested MDR and ATCC microorganisms. High temperature and strong alkaline pH (9.2) of the hot spring water, the presence of minerals and the physical and chemical agents in the water are probably responsible for the antimicrobial activities that were observed. The findings lead us to believe that the hot spring water from Bakreshwar might be a source of natural antimicrobial properties, which could be utilized for the development of new drugs for treating infections caused by resistant bacteria. Further studies are required to confirm the specific mineral, chemical or physical agent that are responsible for the observed activity.

Keywords: Bakreshwar’s hot spring water; antimicrobial activity; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli (MDR), Klebsiella sp.; Acinetobacter sp.; Pseudomonas sp.

ABSTRACT

Orthopedic is a branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles. This research study aims to investigate the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of Post-operative orthopedic patients and explore the factors that influence their HRQOL using WHO-BREF questionnaire, and by supplement counselling to address patient’s psychosocial needs and enhance their HRQOL. This study involved a sample of orthopedic patients who undergone various surgical procedures and were recruited from tertiary care hospital. The data was collected through interviews using WHO-BREF Questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate Statistical techniques. The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the HRQOL of post-operative orthopedic patients, thereby highlighting the importance of incorporating counseling as a supportive measure in their care. Ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes and overall satisfaction. The P-value was found to be appropriate.

Keywords: Health related quality of life, Post-operative orthopedic patients, WHO-BREF, Counseling, psychosocial factors, P- Value, Health care.

ABSTRACT

The aim of a quality assurance (QA) program is to assist a radio-diagnostic machine to obtaining adequate radiological quality information with a minimum of dose to the subject. An integrated part of a quality assurance program is Quality Control (QC) ascertaining quality by measurements and other procedures. QC in diagnostic radiography begins with production of predictable exposures. In this study the four tests (reproducibility, accuracy of kV, half value layer (HVL) and mAs linearity) were determined by Piranha X ray meter and were carried out f­or General X-Ray machine at Olaya Medical Complex. The QC tests have been carried out according to the intentional standard reports (AAPM No. 74) and National recommendations of King Abdullah City for Atomic & Renewable Energy. Various safety measures are taken by considering work personnel's safety. Thus, some QC tests were determined using the X-ray meter. For the accomplishment of this study, the tests of tube voltage accuracy and reproducibility, HVL and effective energy, air Kerma and air Kerma rate were performed, with their associated errors calculated. The obtained results were in the acceptable limits. The survey revealed that the QC program was conducted to this X-ray machine at regular intervals. Thus the calibration accuracy results Confirm that, the X-Ray E Machine Result is Pass.

Keywords: Quality Assurance, Quality Control, X-Ray Machine, X-ray meter

ABSTRACT

Preservatives extend the shelf life of food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products by preventing their deterioration. Antimicrobials such as nitrites, nitrates, benzoates and sulfur dioxide destroy or retard the growth of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and propyl gallate slow or stop the decomposition of fats and oils. Anti-enzyme preservatives such as citrus and Erythorbic acids block enzymatic processes such as maturation that occur in food even after harvest. Natural substances such as salt, sugar, vinegar and Spices have been used as preservatives since time immemorial. The majority of the preservatives used today are artificial rather than natural. Several of them are toxic and several others have life-threatening side effects. Researchers have reported that artificial preservatives such as nitrates, Benzoates, sulfites, sorbates, parabens, formaldehyde, BHT, BHA and miscellaneous others can lead to serious health risks such as hypersensitivity, allergies, asthma, hyperactivity, neurological damage and cancer. Studies have shown that various natural preservatives obtained from plants, animals, microbes and the minerals contain antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-enzymatic properties Basil, clove, neem and rosemary extracts are promising alternatives to their artificial counterparts. This article aims to raise awareness of the harmful effects of artificial preservatives and recommends the use of preservatives for better therapeutic efficacy, safety and preservation of substances with better overall health

Keywords: Preservatives, life span, nitrates, BHA, BHT, Sorbates.

ABSTRACT

The present study was performed with the objectives of elaborating the larvicidal efficacy of Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (MECL) leaves against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. It has been reported used widely in traditional herbal medicine. The leaves of Citrullus lanatus is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, mosquitocidal,    gonorrhea and anti-microbial property. The larvicidal activity of plant extract was carried out on late 3^rd and early 4^th instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, a primary vector of urban malaria, Culex quinquefaciatus, a common vector of filariasis, Aedes aegypti, common vector of dengue and yellow fever. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ of MECL were determined against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti by using Abbott’s formula. LC50 and LC 90 of MECL against Anopheles stephensi were found to be 84.23ppm & 989.396ppm. LC50 and LC₉₀ of MECL against Culex quinquefasciatus were found to be 51.31ppm &405.88ppm. The LC₅₀ was found to be 2645ppm or 2.645%v/v for Aedes agypti. The LC₉₀ value was found to be 138326ppm or 138.326%v/v for Aedes agypti The results of the present study suggest that methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus showed promising larvicidal activity against important vectors of malaria, filarial, dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, chikungunya.

Keywords: Larvicidal activity, Citrullus lanatus, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti,

ABSTRACT

Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy, a member of the Convolvulaceae family and commonly known as 'Morning Glory,' is a woody climbing shrub widely employed in Ayurvedic medicine.  In traditional medicine, various parts of this plant, including its bark, stems, and leaves, have been employed to address a range of health concerns, such as malaria, cancer, mental disorders, and pain relief. In spite of its numerous medicinal attributes, no published work is available till date on nutritional values and elemental analysis of leaves. The nutrient and antinutrient compositions of the leaves were investigated . The result of proximate analysis shows that crude lipid, crude fibre, crude protein, and carbohydrate in the leaves were 2.33 ± 0.51%, 21.34 ± 0.17 %, 11.32 ± 0.22 and 48.19 ± 0.21%. The antinutrient parameters evaluated in the leaves were phytic acid (2.32±0.16) %, saponin content (1.36±0.25 %), alkaloidal contents (0.27±0.06) and oxalate content (0.23 ± 0.10) %. The predominant mineral elements in the leaf powder according to ICP-MS were Ca (45.26 mg/100g), Mg (15.80 mg/100g), and Na (13.31 mg/100g). Lead and arsenic contents were not detected in the leaves Rivea. Hence the outcome of this study revealed that R. hypocrateriformis leaves could be a valuable Neutraceuticals supplement and a cheapest source of essential nutrients to the human diet.

Keywords: Macronutrients; proximate analysis; elemental analysis; oxalate content and ICP-MS