ABSTRACT

The quantitative analysis of bulk materials, drug formulations, drug products, impurities, and biological products containing pharmaceuticals and their metabolites is challenging in the field of pharmaceutical research. It is also complicated to choose the best method. Pharmacokinetic studies frequently make use of quantitative or qualitative studies of a drug and its metabolite. Developing a generic product with quantitative equivalence, which increases regulatory flexibility, seems to be the ultimate aim. Knowing the exact components of reference items and their concentrations is extremely helpful when developing generic formulations. The quantitative composition of the dosage forms is kept secret by the innovators. In such a situation, the quantitative formula of the dosage form is being decoded by generic manufacturers through reverse engineering. To quantify them, we need reliable, non-destructive analytical tools. In this article, we covered excipient quantification techniques, analytical data reports, challenges, and applications.

Keywords: Excipients, Quantitative analysis, HPLC, chemometrics, Multivariate curve resolution

ABSTRACT

The majority of pharmaceuticals used today are chiral. A brief summary of various chiral separation principles and associated separation methods is provided in this review. Liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC) are only a few of the recent advancements addressed. The creation of competent analytical techniques is essential for compliance with the numerous regulatory obligations. The rapid development of chiral separation technologies has been fueled by the current situation in which chirality factors are taken into account in therapeutic benefit and drug development. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) have unquestionably made important advancements in chiral chromatographic technology, opening the door to the quantification of specific enantiomers of a number of racemates in biological fluids such plasma, serum, urine, etc. Chiral compound separations and analyses are crucial in a variety of industries, such as biology, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the creation of chemical intermediates.

Keywords: Gas chromatography, chiral chromatographic technology, biological fluids, chiral compound separations, pharmaceutical manufacturing, enantiopure drug 

ABSTRACT

The paper deals with the review on the nutraceutical details of the rhizome of the plant Nelumbo having two species worldwide from which N. lutea is confined to North America and Canada to an altitudinal range beyond 2400 m a.s.l. whereas the other species N. nucifera is distributed throughout the World in the tropical parts up to 1400 m a.s.l. having good nutritional and medicinal properties. The rhizome is considered to be used for the sake of presence of starch, minerals and vitamins particularly vitamin B6, helpful in the mental and physical growth amongst fetus. Very little is known on the traditional use of rhizome of N. lutea and its chemical and pharmacological attributes as well as its toxicity needs to be studied in detail as it is not available before inclusion in nutritional diet especially for diabetic and cardiac patients as well as women bearing fetus.

Keywords: Nelumbo lutea, Nelumbo nucifera,  rhizome, nutraceutical, fiber, protein, review

ABSTRACT

In this review articles, the development, formulation, and manufacture of drugs, analytical method development & validation play a critical role. Methods are developed for ensuring purity, identity, potency, and performance of pharmaceutical products. Methods should be applied to the extent that they are sufficient for their intended purpose. Throughout the life cycle of a drug product and substance, a range of activities are associated with developing and validating methods. An objective of method validation is to prove that the procedure can be used as intended. Once the method is developed, validation is performed. Different national and international committees have defined the parameters for method validation. The International Conference on Harmonization attempted to harmonize pharmaceutical applications. In accordance with the ICH, other organizations define Linearity, Selectivity/Specificity, Range, Accuracy, Precision (repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility), Limit of quantitation, Limit of detection, Ruggedness, and Robustness.

Keywords: Validation, HPLC, Stationary Phase, LOD, LOQ, ICH.

ABSTRACT

Torus mandibularis is a nontender, bony outgrowth located on the lingual side of the mandible, in the canine or premolar region, above the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle ¹.   Most of the times tori were unnoticed up to adulthood or lifelong. Torus mandibularis is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally.  If noticed also, majority of tori does not need any surgical intervention and may be left untreated unless discomfort arises i.e., ulceration, articulation disorder or problems inserting dentures ⁶. Mandibular tori predominantly present near the premolars and above the location of the mylohyoid muscle's attachment to the mandible ². Mandibular tori are more common in Asian and Inuit populations, and slightly more common in males ⁴. In 90% of cases, tori involves bilaterally and symmetrical ³. The growth of torus mandibularis is very slow and may stop spontaneously ⁵. Mandibular tori though a developmental anomaly, can occur in late adulthood period also. In this article, a case report of late adulthood developed mandibular tori was discussed.

Keywords: Torus, mandibularis, dentures

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of fruit shape and location on the chemical constituents (Sugars, saponins, protein, oil and moisture content) of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. fruit. Balanites aegyptiaca mature healthy fruits, were collected from Jhunjhanu Province in Rajsthan, and Ambala Province in Punjab, in the period (2003-2005). The percentages of the fruit different parts were determined and chemical and statistical analysis (SAS) methods were carried out to obtain the percentages of sugar, saponin, protein, oil and moisture contents in the Balanites’ fruit as well as to detect the significant variation between shapes and locations. The study found that, there were significant differences (P> 0.05), between the four fruit shapes (oblong, elongate, spherical and oval fruits) in the studied chemical constituents across and within sites and between locations. The highest saponin content (4%) was obtained by oblong fruits while the highest invert sugar (40.9%) and oil content (44.9%) were obtained by oval fruits. Saponin average percentage obtained in Ambala location was double that obtained in Jhunjhanu; the higher sugar percentage was obtained in Jhunjhanu location. Protein content was found to be of higher content than that reported in the literature; it ranged between 49.6 (oval fruit) and 53.8% (oblong fruit). Moisture content was not significantly different between shapes and locations of a mean 9.3%. The study concluded with that, the amounts of sugar, saponin, oil and protein, in Balanites fruit; were found in considerable percentages calling to introduce Balanites different types to the food, pharmaceutical and medicinal industries.

Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, chemical constituents, saponin

ABSTRACT

In addition to the so-called small molecule drugs, proteins and peptides are of increasing interest for pharmacotherapy, due to several advantageous properties. In general, those compounds are administered parenterally. However, non-invasive routes of administration represent a great part of research. Amongst others is the pulmonary application of proteins and peptides for local delivery in the case of pulmonary diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where the alveolar epithelium is affected. To ensure an intracellular delivery, nanoparticles in a size range of 150 nm were prepared via charge-mediated coacervation, characterized for their physicochemical properties and loaded with several model-proteins and -peptides. The material used for nanoparticle preparation was chosen to be positively and negatively charged starch derivatives, which were synthesized from potato starch. Although nanoparticles in that size range are known to show an increased cell uptake, they do not show a high deposition in the deep lung. Thus, an advanced carrier system consisting of a fast dissolving microparticle matrix with embedded starch nanoparticles was developed and characterized. Due to its aerodynamic properties, that carrier system was able to deposit a high fraction of the applied dose in the deep lung (~50%), while at the same time demonstrating (in in vitro models) the ability to facilitate uptake of starch nanoparticles into cells of the alveolar epithelium after fast dissolution of the microparticle matrix.

Keywords: Protein Based Nano Particulate, In vitro models, coacervation

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to produce the rhizome of Curcuma caesia's ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum profiles. For the proximate analysis, the extracts were examined in both visible and ultraviolet light. The C. caesia crude extracts. Using a Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer, the rhizome was scanned at wavelengths between 200 and 800 nm, revealing the characteristic peaks. A Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer system was used for the FTIR method, which was used to identify the characteristic peak values and their functional groups. The C. caesia UV-VIS profile. The rhizome methanolic extract had absorption values of 0.617, 1.235, and 0.557, respectively, at peaks at 256.00 nm, 288.00 nm, and 330.00 nm. The FTIR range was utilized to distinguish the useful gathering of the bioactive parts in light of various pinnacle values in the locale of infrared radiation. The current study's findings confirm the presence of the pyrocatachol derivative.

Keywords: Curcuma caesia, Ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared.