ABSTRACT

Curcuma longa is a widely used plant in folk medicine. In this study, we assessed the action of the ethanolic extract of C. longa on WHO strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. Curcumin is one of the most active ingredients of C. longa. In the presence of the ethanolic extract of C. longa, the bacterial count of both Salmonella was remarkably increased which was statistically highly significant. We also could not demonstrate MIC value even at 50 mg/ml concentration of the extract in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, while Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis only showed MIC value at a very high concentration of 6.25 mg/ml. However, two common bacteria E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed a MIC value of 0.39 and 3.125 mg/ml respectively. Thus, the use of C. longa in materials for public use should be done cautiously.

Keywords: Curcuma longa, Curcumin, antimicrobial action, minimum inhibitory concentration, Salmonella entericaserotype Typhi, Salmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to develop, use and present a detailed questionnaire for the evaluation of health management in dairy small ruminants; it includes the questions organized in five sections: Socio Economic conditions (general), Feeding Management, Financial Participation, Breeding of milk animals and Health care & Livestock Management. In this study a adoption level of scientific dairy farming practices by dairy farmers of study region, the dairy farmers who were the regular members of Milk Producers’ for the last 3 to 5 Years.  In this study 80% of small and medium Live stock holders. The experience of the investigator, the primary language of farmers and asking clarifications by the farmers affected the duration of the interview. In accord with the needs of a particular study, it can be modified, by adding more specific questions or omitting others deemed of less importance. Moreover, it can also be used for routine monitoring purposes, as a useful means to record.  To the best of our knowledge, the questionnaire is the most extensive and detailed one available internationally for dairy small ruminants.

Keywords: Livestock, animal husbandry, small scale farmer, calf management, field study, health management, infrastructure, nutrition, questionnaire, survey.

ABSTRACT

A new simple, rapid, precise and accurate assay method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Bilastine and Montelukast in pure form and tablet form. The analytes were separated by RP HPLC on a RP-Purosnosphere C18 column (5 µm, 4.6mm* 250 mm).The mobile phase was Acetonitrile: water: methanol (30:25:45 v/v) at 1.1 ml/min flow rate satisfactorily resolve the tertiary mixture. The UV detector was operated at 214 nm for the determination of all the drugs. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges of 10-50 µg/ml for Bilastine and 5-25 µg/ml for Montelukast with a R² 0.9960 and 0.9974 values respectively. The optimized methods proved to be specific, robust and accurate for the quality control of drugs in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords: Bilastine, Montelukast sodium, ICH, Validation etc.

ABSTRACT

Polyphenol oxidase(PPO) is a food enzyme which holds a very important place in the food industry mainly because of its impairing effects. This enzyme leads to the darkening of tissue when fruits are cut or any damage occurs which leads to the depreciation of nutritional value and food acceptability. It is not clear which roles this compound may have in cell metabolism. In plants, PPO contributes to defence mechanisms against pests and pathogens by producing toxic quinones that deter herbivory and inhibit microbial growth. In this report, the possible antifungal effects were examined. Analyses are carried out by properties of standard polyphenolic substances oxidized by PPO were assayed on Red delicious apple extract whose phenolics were previously isolated.

Keywords: Polyphenol oxidase, antifungal activity, Red delicious apple, minimum inhibitory concentration, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis