ABSTRACT

To identify the adverse drug reactions in the patients. To increase the reporting and awareness among the staffs. To evaluate the causality assessment and severity of ADRs. A prospective study was conducted for a period of one year from February 2019 to January 2020 in the Inpatients of AJ Hospital and Research Centre. Identified and reported ADRs were analyzed. ADR reporting questionnaire was provided to healthcare professionals to assess the knowledge about ADR. ADR causality assessment was carried out using WHO probability scale. Severity assessment of ADRs was done using modified Hartwig and Siegel severity scale. Paired t-test was applied to find the association between the two phases. A total of 100 ADRs were identified from 1120 patients.Causality assessment indicated that most of the ADRs were probably (85%) drug related. Severity of 79% reactions were reported as moderate. Study was categorized into two phases; Phase I and Phase II. Knowledge rate among respondents was found to be 67% in phase-I which had a remarkable increase in phase-II (92%). Common barrier for underreporting of ADR was lack of knowledge regarding ADR. The study concluded that interventions such as implementation of well-established reporting process and continuous training will help to reduce the current underreporting crisis.

Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, Causality assessment and severity, underreporting, interventions 

ABSTRACT

Restless legs syndrome is a nervous system disorder that causes overpowering urge to move your legs. It’s a sleep disorder it usually happens or gets worse while we are at rest. RLS is a lifelong condition with no cure, but medication can help to manage symptoms. Patients with RLS may report sensation such as almost irresistible urge to move the legs that are not painful. It generally worsens with age and disrupts sleep. RLS can lead to significant physical and emotional disability. Symptoms of RLS include unusual feeling in their legs (like itching, crawling, pulling, aching, throbbing or pins and needles.) and powerful urge to move their legs to make sensation go away. Lifestyle changes are sufficient to overcome RLS.  Mild to moderate or severe symptoms of RLS can be treated with pharmacological drugs. ¹

Keywords: RLS, Throbbing.

ABSTRACT

Menopausal symptoms experienced by women are known to affect their quality-of-life. The symptoms experienced at menopause are quite variable and their etiology is found to be multifactorial. The objective is to determine the commonly reported menopausal symptoms among middle age women and to assess the pattern and severity of menopausal symptoms. Women in the age group of 40-65 years were included in the study by convenient sampling method. Out of 1000 respondents, the majority of the study subjects belonged to the 45-50 years of age group- 400 (40%). Majority of women in the study were married- 630 (63%), women who were educated up to high school were 340 (34%), 520 (52%) of women were homemakers. In the present study, it was observed that the study subjects who attained menopause were at the age of 45-50 years and it was observed in 480 respondents (48%). The most common symptoms reported were joint and muscular discomfort 960 (96%) and Physical and mental exhaustion 951(95%). However, Postmenopausal women had somatic 671 (95.7%), psychological 601 (85.7%) and urogenital 651 (92.8%) symptoms than perimenopausal and premenopausal women. The most prevalent menopausal symptoms in the present study were joint and muscular discomfort 960 (96%), followed by physical and mental exhaustion 951 (95%). Menopausal symptoms are common and cannot be ignored. It is therefore suggested that menopausal clinics needs to be established with in the current primary health care system. In order to focus attention to menopausal women and their needs.

Keywords:  Menopause, post-menopause, somatic, pre-menopause

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the apicultural value of Annona senegalensis and the impact of Apis mellifera on fruit and seed yields of this Annonaceae at Dang, its foraging and pollinating activities were studied, from March to June in 2017 and 2020. Observations were carried out on 540 flowers divided in four treatments: 120 flowers accessible to all insects; 120 flowers bagged to avoid all visits; 200 flowers protected then uncovered during anthesis, to allow only Ap. mellifera visits; 100 flowers bagged then uncovered and rebagged without the visit of insects or any other organism. Workers daily rhythm of activity, their foraging behavior on flowers and their pollination efficiency were evaluated. Results showed that, honeybee foraged on An. senegalensis flowers throughout its whole blooming period. This bee intensely and exclusively harvested pollen. The greatest number of workers foraging simultaneously was 3 per flower and 340 per 1000 flowers. The mean foraging speed for each studied year was 3 flowers/min. Through its pollination efficiency on An. senegalensis, Ap. mellifera increased the fruiting rate by 26.19%, the mean number of seeds per fruit by 16.33% and the percentage of normal seeds by 22.41%. Hence, the installation of Ap. mellifera hive close to An. senegalensis plantations is recommended for increase beebread production as a hive product, and to improve fruit and seed yields of this plant.

Keywords: Apis mellifera, Annona senegalensis, pollination efficiency, yields, Dang.

ABSTRACT

A novel Quality by Design methodology was used to develop and validate a rapid, accurate, precise, simple, efficient and reproducible isocratic Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of Luliconazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Luliconazole was separated using Kromasil C18 column (250mm×4.6 mm, 5µm particle size), Shimadzu LC2030 HPLC system having UV detector and the mobile phase contained a mixture of 0.01M Ammonium acetate buffer and Acetonitrile (35:65). The flow rate was set to 1.2 ml/min with the responses measured at 294nm. The retention time of Luliconazole was found to be 3.092 min. Central composite design employed for design of experiment and optimization. Desirability value was found to be 0.723 and overall model was found to significant. Linearity was established for Luliconazole in the range of 20-120 µg/ml with correlation coefficient (r2=0.9995). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were evaluated and found to be 1.1700 and 3.5455 respectively. The accuracy values were found to be in the range of 98 –102% and every parameter found with in limit. Validation parameters were evaluated for the method according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 R1 guidelines. This method can be used for the estimation and analysis of Luliconazole drug in active pharmaceutical ingredients and pharmaceuticals.

Keywords: 3 level factorial designs, Luliconazole, Development, Validation

ABSTRACT

Malaria is a major public health issue that affects people all around the world. Malaria's name came from the words mal-bad and aria-air. Malaria is a plasmodium infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malaria, among others. Malaria infection can be treated with a variety of medications. Anemia and fever are both common signs of illness. Malaria has a life cycle. Malaria has an asexual and sexual phase, with the malaria parasite impacting the blood and hepatocytes (liver) of the host. The early stages of the life cycle do not create any symptoms, but fever or chills are developed when merozoites penetrate the host's liver. Because medication resistance is a serious issue for malaria patients, a combination therapy is used to treat malaria patient therefore; combination therapy is used instead of the single drug although it is used to overcome the drug resistance, side effect of drug as well. The focus of this review article is on classification, chemical structure and structural activity relationship of compounds, as well as new discovery and modification. The present article focused on recent development in malaria treatment.

Keywords: Malaria, Life cycle of malaria parasite, Chemistry of Antimalarial agent, structural activity relationship, recent advances in antimalarial agent.

ABSTRACT

Insomnia is one of the most disabling disorders afflicting the society, with a staggering emotional and economical impact. Most of the patients consult physicians rather than consulting the psychiatrist at the first point of contact and hence, we have planned to take up this study to know as to how many physicians treat acute insomnia as per the guidelines. To study and compare the prescription pattern among rural physicians in treating acute insomnia as per the National Institute for health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Seventy five physicians in the rural areas were given a questionnaire and were given enough time to fill it. Later on, all the questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Physicians in rural areas: 65 physicians prescribed the short acting benzodiazepine group, 9 physicians prescribed the z-class of drugs and 01 physician prescribed anti-histaminic. The NICE guidelines state that for the treatment of acute insomnia, the drug of choice is the Z-class of drugs. In our study, most of the physicians practicing in the rural areas need to have awareness campaigns and medical educational programs regarding the treatment of acute insomnia.

 Keywords: Acute insomnia, benzodiazepine.