ABSTRACT

Acute coronary syndrome describes a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart & includes unstable angina, Non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) & ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). India has the highest burden of ACS in the world. Myocardial infarction accounts for more than 70% Patients experiencing STEMI have a greater short-term risk of complications, including death, compared to patients experiencing NSTEMI, whereas NSTEMI is associated with a greater long-term risk. To complete coronary occlusion, STEMI, the goal is for immediate revascularization to salvage myocardium. For NSTEMI and unstable angina (UA), treatment is to mitigate the changes of recurrent infarction and/or to reduce the size of infarction. To assess the factors associated with the impact of delayed presentation in the treatment outcomes and its complications in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This is a prospective observational study which was carried out in Narasaraopeta over a period of 6 months i.e. / /2022 to / /2023.About 120 study participants were analyzed for time of presentation to the hospital based on time of onset of symptoms, past medical history, risk factors, diagnosis, age, gender, social history. A sample size of 120 subjects was included. A total of 120 subjects were included with different types of ACS during the study period.49 (40.83%) subjects with STEMI 40 (33.34%) subjects with Unstable Angina & 31 (25.83%) subjects with NSTEMI were found. Patients included in this study majorly presented delay to the hospital after symptoms occur 94 (78.34%) than who presented early to the hospital 26 (21.66%). The epidemiological results of this study revealed that people with age group between 41-70 yrs were more affected and males 79 (65.83%) were highly affected when compared to females 41 (34.16%). Treatment outcomes in ACS were observed that there is longer treatment duration of anticoagulant therapy for delayed presentation than early presentation. It was identified that main factors for delaying were pre-hospital factors like unaware of condition. patients may feel that it is a gastric problem and delays till chest pain become worse. Within a short study period we observed that pulmonary edema, decreased EF (ejection fraction) and dyspnea were common complications were observed in delayed presented patients. So, improvement in patients QOL is achieved by creating awareness among them and educates them regarding the disease, medications, life style modifications and cost effective treatment.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, delayed presentation, anticoagulant therapy, early presentation.

ABSTRACT

The exposure of nutrients as medicines in the pharmaceutical world is of prior importance and centres the attention of scientists and researchers toward the health benefits. The demand of these products has been found to be spiked and due to this, the nutraceutical market has become a million-dollar industry at a global level. Majority of the chemical components present in nutraceuticals that may possess beneficial health effects are derived from botanical sources, and will be considered to be natural in form. These products can be as diverse as proteins, peptides, lipids, flavonoids and isoflavanoids, polyphenols and tannins. Additionally, vitamins and minerals, sugar molecules such as glucosamine and chondroitin. As a result, interdisciplinary approaches are now been put in an application to design and develop various dosage forms to deliver these herbal products for the treatment of many disorders. In this review article, an attempt to classify all types of nutraceuticals, followed by their management in the treatment of various diseases has been carried out. It is also important to note that the purification, or not, of the nutraceutical from its natural matrix must also be considered as there may be contaminants/impurities/adulterants present that are deleterious to human health, or whose amounts are regulated by legislation (heavy metals, allergens, toxins). These must also be incorporated into a testing regime to ensure the safety of the product end-user.

Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Fortified food, Health benefits, Regulations, Global market, Quality control

ABSTRACT

These days, everyone is highly conscious of the use of toothpaste. There are medicinal and herbal toothpastes on the market right now. There is fierce competition among toothpaste manufacturers to produce better formulas that can stave off dental issues. Chewable tablets that must be broken and licked between the teeth in order to be consumed. These tablets are used to people who find swallowing unpleasant as well as youngsters who have trouble swallowing.  Chewable tablets are characterized by their smooth breakdown, agreeable flavor, and absence of bitter or unpleasant aftertaste. Chewable tablets are an ideal dosage form for individuals who are elderly, young, or traveling and may not always have access to water. The gum core, which may or may not be coated, makes up the content of a chewable tablet. An insoluble gum foundation made up of fillers, antioxidants, sweeteners, and flavoring ingredients makes up the core.  It is flavored with something to improve its taste. There are several components that go into making chewable pills. The main formulation factors that apply to both regular (swallowed) and chewable tablets include flow, lubrication, disintegration, organoleptic qualities, compressibility, compatibility, and stability; however, the main focus of this formulation is on the organoleptic features of the active drug components.  The purpose of this review article is to investigate dental issues with sparing on a modified tablet dosage form, such as a toothpaste tablet, which will help to reduce plastic waste and be more affordable, eco-friendly, and beneficial to dental health.

Keywords: Toothpaste, Chewable tablet, Granulation, Compression, Foaming

ABSTRACT

As X-ray applications continue to evolve across medical disciplines, meticulous implementation of Quality Assurance (QA) protocols becomes paramount. It is the cornerstones in X-ray applications, ensuring accuracy, safety and effectiveness of diagnostic procedures. To get optimum use of medical equipment, specific performance tests must take place. The aim of this work is was to evaluate the performance of GE conventional X-ray System installed in 2007 at Radiological Science Department of King Saud University. Non-invasive auto meter used to evaluate the performance of such X-ray imaging system. The study investigates various Quality Control (QC) parameters, including milliampere-seconds (mAs) linearity, tube voltage accuracy, and exposure time reproducibility, to ensure compliance with established standards. All QC tests have done according to the intentional standard reports (AAPM No. 74) and National recommendations of King Abdullah City for Atomic & Renewable Energy. The obtained results indicate that the X-ray unit demonstrates acceptable mAs linearity, tube voltage accuracy, reproducibility and exposure time reproducibility tests and thus ensuring consistent X-ray output. All the obtained results meet the international standards. In general, the Department of Radiological Sciences adheres to strict quality control and quality assurance protocols for the department's equipment. To maintain consistency in radiation output, ensure user safety, and improve image quality in radiography. Through continuous monitoring and evaluation of equipment performance, while minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure to users.

Keywords: Diagnostic X-ray, Quality Control, X-Ray Machine, Quality Assurance, Equipment Assessment, Exposure Measurements

ABSTRACT

Microorganisms are treasure and can contribute to environmental safety and sustainable development. Microorganisms can be used effectively in this context due to their astonishing metabolic activity and diverse nutritional requirements and their relationships with plants and animals. Even though microbes have caused many diseases, the main aim of this narrative review is to provide a summary of the different uses of eco-friendly microorganisms, benefits, and the expected results when using them in different applications. Originally, eco-friendly microorganisms are utilized only in organic farming, but at the moment, this is getting wider applications such as in decomposition, food production and dietary needs, sewage treatment, petroleum refining, r-DNA technology, in marine and many more. Microbial biosensors use engineered microorganisms and transducers to detect substances, emitting signals like light or electrical current. In healthcare, they hold promise for early and accurate disease detection by identifying biomarkers associated with conditions such as cancer, enabling faster and more precise diagnoses for improved patient outcomes. The establishment of a sustainable and livable ecosystem for future generations depends on the remediation and restoration of contaminated habitats utilizing efficient and environmentally friendly technology. Microbes in space face unique challenges like altered gravity and cosmetic radiation, promoting scientific exploration for their adaptability and potential implication for space missions.

Keywords: Microbes, environment, eco-friendly, agriculture, decomposition, sewage, enzyme production.

ABSTRACT

To meet global healthcare demands, a tertiary care teaching hospital studies pulmonary TB patients' drug use. Respiratory TB is a major problem in poor nations. The study optimizes anti-tuberculosis medicine use to improve patient outcomes and prevent transmission. Due to dosage and duration, optimization influences drug effectiveness, side effects, and resistance. The study emphasizes medication adherence and patient compliance to prevent treatment failure and drug-resistant strains. Pulmonary TB is infectious yet hard to identify due to its mild symptoms. Diagnostics and treatment include clinical and laboratory tests and long-term antibiotics. Immunization and latent TB therapy prevent TB. Healthcare professionals, governments, and international organizations must collaborate to eliminate pulmonary TB. During the 8-month study period, a group of 600 patients with PTB was examined. The group of 30-50 years revealed more males than females with PTB among them. The drug isoniazid was by far the most heavily recommended first-line treatment. In contrast to Isoniazid, it couldn’t adhere to Levofloxacin efficiently. In one of the tests, it was observed that there were undernourished persons that are protein and micronutrient deficient also. The study showed most mental comorbidities as depression. Multidrug resistance preceded non-resistance. From this study, we determined the high rate of PTB relapse and partial healing. The study suggested approaches to improving protein-energy deficit and mental depression as well as to multi-drug resistance and for treating patients. The study suggested collaboration and research to reduce PBA mortality rates and produce tablets, medications, and treatments to help doctors treat, change diets, and counsel PTB patients.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Rational Drug Use, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Adherence Rate, Treatment Outcomes.