ABSTRACT

Blumea lacera of family Asteraceae is a common Rabi weed all over India. Its annual herb is with the strong odor of turpentine. This plant is commonly known as Buradi in India. Indoginously in Indian system of traditional medicine it is Aromatic, astringent, Stomachic, Anti-Spasmodic and Diuretic. It is useful in treatment of Fever, Burning, Wound Healing, Abdominal disorder, inflammation. It also advised in dysentery and in vaginal bleeding. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate herbal ointment because synthetic may cause the adverse effect on skin. The herbal ointment was formulated by extracting Blumea lacera (brum.f.)DC.

Keywords: Asteraceae, Blumea lacera, Traditional medicine.

ABSTRACT

The study of device in terms of composition and physical principles, technical such as the use of one-dimensional ultrasound. The technology currently used is two-dimensional and modern technology, such as taking samples by guidance technique .Then established a statistical comparison between two hospitals in different cities same country, in terms of the number of cases for each month from January to July 2019.Statistics were created then represented on the graph by combining Excel and Word.

Keywords: Two hospitals, comparison, statistical analysis.

ABSTRACT

A study was on the physical concepts ( transmission of sound waves among different parts of the body for medical diagnosis purposes )  , methods of detection two dimensional 2D commonly used  , modern methods as color Doppler ( Duplex ) , in addition new techniques that have developed and used together with the device ,  such as ( contrast medium , catheters using techniques , guidance technique for therapeutic injections and  a sample taking purposes  (Biopsies) . The research included a study of a 50 clinical cases of different parts of the body, ages, gender over two months. After cases discussion showed that the device is useful as initial step and very sensitive tool in the medical clinical field, specifically if the new techniques are applied, in turn increase the benefits of the device, get good clinical results and finally minimize the ionizing radiation exposure of the other devices.

Keywords: Ultrasound; Sensitivity; Specificity.

ABSTRACT

Rabies is a fatal viral zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through bites or scratches by infected domestic and wild  animals. It  is present in  all continents except  Antarctica and mostly endemic in Asian and African countries. In countries like India and China, dogs are one  of  the  major  reservoir  hosts  for  the  transmission  of  this  disease.  This  disease  is unpreventable  with the  lack of  awareness and proper  treatment  measures are not being followed up  with patients who  reside particularly in  rural areas. It is because  most Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) needs are borne by patients  who can  least afford  to yield. Rabies vaccines have come a long way following the development of a vaccine by Louis Pasteur in 1885 which is  still being  used to control  rabies in animals  and humans.

Keywords: Rabbies, pathophysiology, PEP, vaccines

ABSTRACT

Studies had shown that hydromethanolic leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (CA) caused dose-dependent antihyperglycaemic or hypoglycaemic effects. Its adverse effects were reportedly lesser compared to some currently used pharmaceuticals. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR-Spectrometry) had been used to analyze the chloroform fraction of this CA extract in order to identify the major and minor phytochemicals responsible for its activities. The presence of the bioactive flavonoids possibly has molecular mechanisms of lowering the diabetic glucose levels and complications. The antidiabetic compounds identified in plant extracts included: isoquercetin, eupafolin, hispidulin, oleanolic acid, β sitosterol and campesterol. These phyto-compounds work through different mechanisms, including the interference of glucose and lipid absorptions, regeneration of pancreatic islets or by increasing the insulin release by beta cells. These phyto-constituents could synergistically lower persistent hyperglycaemia and its complications. The plant leaves of CA are readily available in most residential areas as a vegetable or herb (‘Ogwu-obara’ in Igbo) with reported minimal side effects compared to more costly synthetic antidiabetic drugs. This review calls for the advancement of ethno-pharmaceutical technology in poorer African countries in order to carry out purposeful ethno-pharmacological researches and develop affordable phytotherapy for diabetes.

Keywords: NMR- Spectrometry, Phytotherapy, Diabetes, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius

ABSTRACT

This is latest series of review focused on the analysis of the genotoxic impurities (GIs),with specific reference to alkyl, aryl sulphonateester. Such reactive materials are commonly used as raw materials, reagents and intermediates in the chemical synthesis of new drugs in pharmaceutical research and development. This article reports the latest developments in the limit for controlling sulfonate esters in drug formulation doses by various regulatory environment and the latest developments in analysis culminating in a review of analytical approaches in literature. The literature is sub-categorized by technique of separation (gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and further tabulated by type of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and impurity with brief information and references of the process. Such a wide range of options allow the analyst to choose the most suitable technique specific to their needs.

Keywords: Alkyl and Aryl Sulphonate Ester, Genotoxic Impurity, Chromatographic, Spectroscopic, Derivatization

ABSTRACT

The inhibitory activity of bacteriocins produced by Lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw cattle and goat milk and other processed milk products against Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in milk was studied using spectrophotometry. Six bacteriocin positive strains of LAB were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus. The antimycobacterial activity of the bacteriocins in milk showed that the bacteriocins from Lactobacillus inhibited the growth of the mycobacterium over a period of 15 days while bacteriocin from Streptococcus did not inhibit the Mycobacteria in milk.  However, the activity of the bacteriocin were lost after the 15^th day as shown by increase in absorbance on day 18. The bacteriocin mix from all six bacteriocins against Mycobacteria was the most efficient when compared to that of individual bacteriocins, recording a significant decline in absorbance at from 0.79 to 0.026 even on day 18.

Keywords: Absorbance, bacteriocin, Lactic acid bacteria, milk, mycobacterium, spectrophotometry

ABSTRACT

In the pharmaceutical industry an impurity is considered, defined the any other organic material besides the drug substance or pharmaceutical ingredients.  The impurity may be formed during the formulation or upon aging of two APIs in medicines. Stability testing is an integral part of pharmaceutical development. The primary purpose of stability testing is to provide supporting evidence on stability behavior of pharmaceutical drug products. Stability is the capacity of a drug product to remain within specifications established to ensure its identity, strength, quality and purity.

Keywords Impurity, Stability, ICH, Annexure.

ABSTRACT

Since, the last four decades, the concept of mucoadhesion has achieved a much valuable interest in the various fields of pharmaceutics. There are many advantages of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system that made this a novel drug delivery system for the local as well as systemic delivery of various drugs. The main advantage of this drug delivery system is that it prolongs the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application. Due to the high blood supply and relatively high permeability of the buccal mucosa, the buccal cavity is the best option for both local as well as systemic delivery of various drugs. The main prospect of writing this review article is to present comprehensive information related to mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The article has highlighted all the aspects of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems which will be helpful for researches and academics. The article includes detailed information about mucosa- the anatomy and physiology, the mechanisms and theories related to mucoadhesion, evaluation parameters of mucoadhesive dosage forms, mucoadhesive polymers and novel approaches related to mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Drug actions can be improved by new drug delivery system, such as mucoadhesive system. This system remains in close contact with the absorption tissue, the mucous membrane, releasing the drug at the action site leading to improvement in both local and systemic effects. The potential merits and demerits of mucoadhesive drug delivery as well as that of the polymers are also discussed. It helps enhance the bioavailability through bypassing the first-pass metabolism effect. The mucosal surface better absorption and prolong resident time. Bioadhesion can be defined as the phenomenon of interfacial molecular attractive force in midst of the surface of the biological substrate and the natural or synthetic polymers, which allows the polymers to adhere to the biological surface for an extended period of time.

Keywords: Bio-adhesion, factors, mucosa, mucoadhesion, parameters, polymers.

ABSTRACT

Gossypium barbadense L. is a medicinal Malvaceae used as an indispensable intrant in the endogenous medication of skin super infection caused by shingles in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study was to study the analgesic and toxic effects in vivo of the extract with ethyl acetate GB2.3, obtained from the hydroalcoholic crude extract of the leaves of Gossypium barbadense L., and to characterize a phytocomponent of the extract. The results obtained showed that the extract showed a significant analgesic effect by inhibition at 73.66% of the pain induced by acetic acid in mice and that it had insignificant toxicity at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. A phytocompound was isolated with a yield of 15.21% by HPLC, whose molecular structure was determined by spectrometry (MS, IR, NMR ¹H, ¹³C).

Keywords: Gossypium barbadense, analgesic effect, toxicity, structure, spectrometry

ABSTRACT

Pyrazolines, the eminent five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, have received significant interest in the fields of therapeutic and agricultural chemistry because of their broad spectrum of biological activities. The Pyrazoline ring is relatively stable and has inspired chemists to carry out various research activities. Pyrazolines, a class of electron-rich nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, possess a broad range of pharmacological functions such as anticancer, antitubercular, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antioxidant activities. This review provides an outline on the recent grade of pyrazoline derivatives in terms of synthesis and various applications to realize their full potential as drugs.

Keywords: Pyrazoline, Synthesis, Biological activities

ABSTRACT

A series of 2-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-N-(4-((3-oxobenzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl) phenyl)acetamide derivatives were synthesized by fusing aurones with nitrogen mustards. Aurones being synthesized by treating 4-nitrobenzaldehydes with various derivatives of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethenone. The characterization of the synthesized compounds was done by FTIR, 1H NMR and LCMS spectral studies. The titled compounds were tested for their possible anticancer activities by in vitro methods by SRB Assay.  These compounds were found to exhibit a moderate anticancer activity.

Keywords: Aurone, nitrogen mustard, anticancer, SRB Assay using A-549 and MCF-7 Cell lines

ABSTRACT

In the manufacture of medicinal products and APIs, the cleaning of facilities and equipment is an important measure to avoid contamination and cross contamination. Cleaning validation is a documented process that proves the cleaning methods employed within a facility consistently control the cross contamination. Pharmaceutical manufacturers must validate their cleaning process to ensure compliance with cGMP regulations. In this article cleaning validation and cleaning validation program is discussed in brief.

Keywords: Cleaning, Cleaning Validation, Validation Protocol, Revalidation.

ABSTRACT

The long circulatory liposome means shows action towards target organ longer period of time. Liposome are the concentric bilayer in which aqueous volume entirely envelope by the lipid bilayer used to transfer enzymes, protein and drugs to targets cancer cell or tissue. These are chemical moieties in which action towards target organ. It was first discovered by 1965 and soon was proposed drug delivery system. There are numerous application like anti fungal, anti cancer, anti inflammatory and anesthetic drugs. The magic bullet concept of Poul-Ehrlich et al; through very late, offers a logical solution to the age old problem unrelated and unwanted effect of therapeutic agent and optimizing the drug therapy in its true sense. The controlled, sustained and controlled drug delivery can be considered as the magic bullet concept. The long circulatory liposome gives the stealth effect called as killer bomber to cancer cell and arrest the Mitosis of M-phase and G-phase.

Keywords: Stealth liposome, Magic bullet, Liposome, Target, Vesicle

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to provide the information about a newly discovered viral disease called Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease brings different types of respiratory tract infections to the body. The article provides basic knowledge about the disease for awareness. This article covers the various aspects of the virus as in structural binding, interaction, adaptation of virus with time, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The awareness regarding this disease is essential because it has no well – defined cause and can happen to any person or animal. This disease can lead to death. Management of patients with COVID-19 begins with the establishment of an accurate diagnosis of disease followed by treatment using an appropriate medication in a manner to suppress the symptoms at first. The goal of therapy is to completely control the symptoms without producing unacceptable medication side effects. The following data contains various images for better understanding. The objective of this paper is only to create awareness and how one can avoid the disease by certain precautions. This article also helps one to understand the symptoms and can give one-self the benefit of the doubt and can cure it by proper consultation.

Keywords: SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Myths and Facts about COVID-19.

ABSTRACT

Antinutrients are important phytochemicals that also determine the safety of medicinal and nutritional plant parts. The antinutrients of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) leaves were extracted by soaking, using water, ethanol and hydromethanol (1:1) as solvents. The phytochemical analyses were done both qualitatively and quantitatively (using Spectrophotometer: UV-V15). This study showed that Moringa and bitter leaf contain some antinutritional constituents, including Tannins, Oxalates, Saponins and Alkaloids. Hydromethanol extracted the highest concentration of Tannins (65.91%) from bitter leaf extract. Ethanol extracted the highest concentrations of Oxalates (5.2 x 10³ Mg/100g) and Saponins (7,616.84 µg/g) from both medicinal leaves and the highest concentration of Alkaloids from Bitter leaves only. Water extracted the highest concentrations of Alkaloids and Tannins from Moringa leaves only. Generally, ethanol solvent yielded highest crude extraction of antinutrients in the herbs. Therefore, it is also necessary to consider the antinutritional yield of a solvent in the choice of solvents for herbal production.

Keywords: Solvents, Antinutritional Extractions, Herbs.