ABSTRACT

Women who are pregnant frequently experience various chronic medical diseases that requires either ongoing (or) intermittent treatment. Any prescription drug taken by a pregnant women could cause unforeseen consequences, which are extremely difficulty for healthcare professionals to avoid any danger to the mother (or) the foetus. A medicine prescription pattern aids in the assessing the prescription practices that target the pregnant population can lesion the baby’s risk and also mom. Consequently, the study is carried out to assess the current prescription pattern and to acquire information about drug use among pregnant mothers. 150 expectant women participated in a prospective and observational research for a nine month time frame. The participant’s treatment records, which were recorded using a case report form, and the subjects’ interviews provided the pertinent data needed for the study. WHO assessed how the prescription pattern performed. Drug classifications and prescribing guidelines were based on the   US FDA pregnancy category. The majority of subjects (42%) had only completed their secondary education, and 82% of them were unemployed. Pregnant women had mean BMI of 24.83.76kg/m2, and 61.3% of the study’s participants had a normal BMI. The majority of the patients (74%) were in their third trimester and was under the age of priming avidity (46%). Hospitalizations were primarily due to fever, gestational diabetes mellitus, and gestational hypertension in the patients. A total of 574 prescriptions were written, averaging 3.82 medications per prescription. 18.8% of patients and 16.2% of all patients, respectively had at least one antibiotic. 6.2% of prescriptions for medications were discovered to be inn generic form, while 92.1% of prescriptions were from the hospital formulary. About 98.6% of the participants were unaware of the dangers of the drug use while pregnant. Most pregnant women received antibiotic prescriptions. The majority of prescribed medications fall within category C. This study unmistakably shown the necessity for ongoing evaluation of drug prescribing practices during pregnancy in order to encourage more sensible drug use reduce the morbidity and mortality linked to therapy.

Keywords:

ABSTRACT

Women who are pregnant frequently experience various chronic medical diseases that requires either ongoing (or) intermittent treatment. Any prescription drug taken by a pregnant women could cause unforeseen consequences, which are extremely difficulty for healthcare professionals to avoid any danger to the mother (or) the foetus. A medicine prescription pattern aids in the assessing the prescription practices that target the pregnant population can lesion the baby’s risk and also mom. Consequently, the study is carried out to assess the current prescription pattern and to acquire information about drug use among pregnant mothers. 150 expectant women participated in a prospective and observational research for a nine month time frame. The participant’s treatment records, which were recorded using a case report form, and the subjects’ interviews provided the pertinent data needed for the study. WHO assessed how the prescription pattern performed. Drug classifications and prescribing guidelines were based on the   US FDA pregnancy category. The majority of subjects (42%) had only completed their secondary education, and 82% of them were unemployed. Pregnant women had mean BMI of 24.83.76kg/m2, and 61.3% of the study’s participants had a normal BMI. The majority of the patients (74%) were in their third trimester and was under the age of priming avidity (46%). Hospitalizations were primarily due to fever, gestational diabetes mellitus, and gestational hypertension in the patients. A total of 574 prescriptions were written, averaging 3.82 medications per prescription. 18.8% of patients and 16.2% of all patients, respectively had at least one antibiotic. 6.2% of prescriptions for medications were discovered to be inn generic form, while 92.1% of prescriptions were from the hospital formulary. About 98.6% of the participants were unaware of the dangers of the drug use while pregnant. Most pregnant women received antibiotic prescriptions. The majority of prescribed medications fall within category C. This study unmistakably shown the necessity for ongoing evaluation of drug prescribing practices during pregnancy in order to encourage more sensible drug use reduce the morbidity and mortality linked to therapy.

Keywords: Prescription, antibiotic, gestational hypertension

ABSTRACT

Transdermal patches have a high systemic impact and may increase absorption by bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism. A transdermal therapeutic system allows drugs to be continuously administered into the systemic bloodstream at a predetermined rate through unbroken skin over an extended period of time. When piroxicam (PXM) is taken orally, it can cause headaches, exhaustion, dry mouth, nose, and throat, nausea, vomiting, and sleepiness. It is also insoluble in water, so its allure is tainted by its decomposition. These issues are avoided by using a solvent-casting technique on a mercury surface in PXM matrix-type transdermal patches. In HPMC E50LV and Eudragit RS 100 transdermal patches, glycerine (plasticizer) is produced through solvent evaporation and a film-forming polymer. The FTIR method will be used aesthetics, breadth, weight difference, folding durability, moisture content, tensile strength, and percentage of PXM content were all deemed satisfactory on a physical level. According to the study, PXM release from transdermal patches can be improved by combining HPMC E50LV (400 mg) and Eudragit RS 100 (300 mg) with glycerine as a plasticize

Keywords: Piroxicam, Transdermal patches, QbD Approach

ABSTRACT

Pain is a major public health issue throughout the world and represents a major clinical, social and economic problem. It is a single centre, prospective, observational study done at Apollo hospitals, Jubilee hills, Hyderabad for a period of 6 months (January’17-June’17). A total of 121 patients were considered of the age group (18-80) years with complaints of pain admitted in Medical ICU, Neurology ICU, Surgical ICU, Cardiac ICU and General wards. The cases were observed for types of pain and to compare the agreement between the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) & Faces scale in non- sedated patients & Critical Care Pain Observation Scale (CPOT) & Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) in sedated patients. Out of 121 patients the most common type of pain was nociceptive pain. Kappa test was used to assess agreement between scales. A substantial agreement of 0.63 was seen between NRS and Faces (uni-dimensional scale) in non-sedated patients while almost perfect agreement of 0.92 was seen between CPOT and BPS (multi-dimensional scale) in sedated patients. On comparing scales it was observed that greater agreement was between NRS and Faces while assessing pain in non-sedated patients and CPOT and BPS while assessing pain in sedated patients. Therefore, it can be said that the association or use of these scales might improve in better pain score assessment which would ease the pain management practices in a hospital setting.

Keywords: NRS, VAS, FACES, CPOT, BPS, Pain.

ABSTRACT

Cochlospermum planchonii is a multipurpose traditional medicinal plant that is found in most tropical regions of the world. The objectives of this research were to identify the class and type of phytochemicals present, quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the plant leaves extract. This was achieved by extracting with two solvents of very different polarity (n-hexane and methanol). Harborne’s method was used for the identification of the class of phytochemicals while GC-MS was used to identify the type of phytochemicals. Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to determine the total phenolic content while aluminum colorimetric assay was used to determine the total flavonoid content. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for the antibacterial assay while DPPH was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening showed presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides while terpenoids, alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent in the methanol extract. Steroids and terpenoids were present in the n-hexane extract while saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones and glycosides were absent. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 97.48 ± 0.42 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 161.85 ± 0.37 mg quercetin equivalent/ g extract respectively. Several phytochemicals were identified using GC-MS. The most abundant in the methanol and n-hexane extracts was n-hexadecanoic acid (9.90%) and octacosane (24.24%) respectively. The observed DPPH scavenging activity was 66.73 ± 0.26% while extract reduced Fe³⁺ ferricyanide complex to the ferrous form (Fe²⁺). The methanol extract was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typii, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaves of Cochlospermum planchonii is rich in phenolics and flavonoids and possess high antioxidant activity. It also exhibits antibacterial activity against some human pathogens.

Keywords: Cochlospermum planchonii, Phenolics, flavonoids, Antioxidant, antibacterial, GC-MS

ABSTRACT

The pulvurised leaves of P. americana was extracted with methanol and the crude extract obtained was subjected to antimicrobial screening against clinically isolated organisms from patients with infectious wounds, the organisms include; E colli spp, Klebsellia spp, and Pseudomona spp., Klebsiellia spp only produce inhibitory activity against the extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.05-0.15mg/ml. The methanolic extract showed no zone of inhibition with E. coli and Psuedomonas spp indicating that it does not have any inhibition activity against such bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.05-0.15mg/ml.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Persia americana, methanolic extract.

ABSTRACT

This study describes the development and validation of stability indicating HPLC method for moprolol, an antihypertensive drug. The drug was subjected to stress degradation under different conditions recommended by International Conference on Harmonization. The sample so generated was used to develop a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method for moprolol. The peak for was well resolved from peaks of degradation products, phenomenex C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μ) at 37⁰C, using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of mixture of 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer with 0.1% V/V TEA in Milli-Q water (pH 3, adjusted with OPA): ACN: Methanol (50:40:10 %V/V/V) at a flow rate of 1 mL minute^-1. The retention times were found to be 3.3 min, respectively. Detection was carried out using photodiode array detector. A linear response (r > 0.99) was observed in the range of 0-40μg/mL. The method was found to be specific and stability-indicating as no interfering peaks of degradants and excipients were observed. The method showed good recoveries (average 99.5%) and relative standard deviation for intra and inter-day were ≤ 2 %. The method was validated for specificity and robustness also.The proposed method is hence suitable for application of degradation kinetics of moprolol under different stress conditions employed. Degradation followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics, and rate constant (k), time left for 50% potency (t_1/2) and time left for 90% potency (t₉₀) were calculated. This method can also be applied in quality-control laboratories for quantitative analysis of both the drugs individually and in combination, since it is simple and rapid with good accuracy and precision.

Keywords: Moprolol, reversed-phase HPLC, stability-indicating assay, forced degradation studies, method validation, kinetics

ABSTRACT

Steven Johnson syndrome is a severe and potentially lethal disease due to an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction involving mucous membranes and skin. Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening diseases characterized by the detachment of skin and mucous membranes. It has been a common belief that herbal drugs do not cause such as much as side effects and toxicities as pure chemicals. Recently, SJS associated with herbal medicine has been reported. This paper aims to report a case of SJS marked with skin manifestations following the use of herbal drugs for the treatment of Alcohol withdrawal and Jaundice. A 28 years male old patient was admitted with complaints of Fever, Vomiting, and Rashes over the body. The patient had received herbal drugs for the treatment of Jaundice and Alcohol dependence. Herbal medicine still plays an important role in the Indian Healthcare system as it is one of the most ancient treatment systems in the Indian Healthcare system. Further studies may require to evaluate the characteristics of the general population and to identify any predisposing factors to SJS as recommended.

Keywords: Steven Johnson syndrome, Herbal drugs, Drug-induced reaction, Rashes, Skin lesion, Case report, adverse drug reaction, treatment, SJS, TEN.